Treatment Comparisons on Secondary Outcome Measures (Intent-to-Treat Analyses) at One Month.
† For continuous outcome measures, treatments were compared from ANCOVA models that adjusted for randomized treatment assignment, the baseline value of the outcome measure, and recruitment site. Treatment effects are coded such that negative treatment effects favor the control procedure and positive treatment effects favor vertebroplasty. Treatment comparisons and confidence intervals for one-month opioid use are reported as an odds ratio from a logistic regression model, adjusting for baseline opioid use and recruitment site. Odds ratios less than 1.0 favor vertebroplasty and greater than 1.0 favor the control procedure.