The cdk5-STAT3 pathway regulates the expression of Eme1 and reduces DNA damage. A, Eme1 mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (lanes 1 and 2), and STAT3 association with the Eme1 promoter was characterized by ChIP (lanes 3–6) following sn38 treatment. In parallel, cells were transfected with control or cdk5 siRNA and then treated with sn38 (5 ng/ml) for 48 h. The expression of the Eme1 mRNA was analyzed by RT-QPCR experiments (n = 3 ± S.D., p < 0.001). B and C, growing HT29 cells were transfected with specific or control siRNA and treated or not with sn38 (5 ng/ml). The generation of DNA double strand breaks was quantified by FACS analysis using polyclonal antibodies directed against the ser139 phosphorylated form of histone H2Ax (one experiment representative of three). D, HT29 cells were transfected with pools of siRNAs directed against cdk5 or control siRNAs for 48 h. Cells were then split and treated with sn38 for 10–14 days. The percentage of colony-forming cells was evaluated as compared with non-treated cells (n = 3 ± S.D., p < 0.01).