Dopamine and noradrenaline compete with 17β-estradiol-BSA-FITC for binding to the hepatocyte plasma membrane. Isolated hepatocytes were seeded onto coverslips and allowed to attach for 24 h. Cells were treated with either no treatment (A), 50 μm dopamine (C), 50 μm noradrenaline (E), 50 μm clonidine (G), 50 μm propranolol (I), or 50 μm quinpirole (K) for 20 min at 4 °C. 1 μm 17β-estradiol-BSA-FITC was then added, and the cells incubated for a further 20 min at 4 °C. Cells were then fixed and mounted onto coverslips. Corresponding phase images (B–L) demonstrate general cell morphology. The scale bar represents 10 μm, and data are representative of several experiments from at least 3 independent hepatocyte preparations.