Figure 3.

Phylogeny of vertebrate Dlx genes. Neighbor-joining tree based on an edited clustal alignment of full-length amino acid sequences of P. marinus Dlx genes, gnathostome Dlx genes, and amphioxus Dll (see supplemental data for edited alignment), and rooted on mouse Msx1 (not shown on tree). Numbers indicate bootstrap values for selected nodes. There is no strict orthology between any lamprey Dlx gene and any gnathostome Dlx gene. Three of the P. marinus Dlx genes (DlxA, DlxB, and DlxC) group with the gnathostome Dlx2/3/5 clade, but do not group with Dlx2, Dlx3, or Dlx5 separately. Likewise, DlxD groups with the gnathostome Dlx1/6/7 clade, but does not group with Dlx1, Dlx6, or Dlx7. Amphioxus Dll is an outgroup to all vertebrate Dlx genes.