Histograms showing that (A) MCF-7 cells expressing GPR55 display a significantly greater degree of alignment to grooved substrata (1 µm wide, 520 nm deep) after 4 h than empty vector (EV) transfected cells, which display significantly less alignment than MDA-MB-231 cells. Data are the mean ± SEM, n= 39–76 cells. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. (B) Polarization of MCF-7 cells expressing GPR55 is not significantly different from empty vector transfected cells; MDA-MB-231 cells display significantly greater elongation as compared with MCF-7 cells. ***P < 0.001, analysed by Students's unpaired t-test. (C) Representative images of MCF-7 cells artificially expressing GPR55, or EV transfected control cells, stained for HA-GPR55 (green) and actin (red). (i) HA-GPR55-expressing cells on flat surface, wide-view; (ii) vector-transfected cells on flat surface, wide-view; (iii and iv) HA-GPR55-expressing cells aligned along grooves; (v) HA-GPR55-expressing cells on flat surface; (vi and vii) vector-transfected cells on grooves. White arrows indicate groove direction.