Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and Treatment Group Effects for Primary Outcomes of HOPES and TAU
| Group Effect* | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain | Condition | Base | 1 Year | 2 Year | Effect Size Baseline to Year 1 |
Effect Size Baseline to Year 2 |
df | F | P |
| Performance Skills | |||||||||
| UPSA Total | HOPES | 41.32 (9.84) | 43.91 (7.82) | 44.51 (7.82) | 0.51 | 0.45 | 1,159 | 4.94 | < .05 |
| TAU | 39.68 (10.06) | 40.53 (9.00) | 41.11 (10.67) | ||||||
| Psychosocial Functioning | |||||||||
| Multnomah Community Ability Scale | HOPES | 62.22 (8.67) | 63.92 (7.65) | 64.26 (8.67) | 0.44 | 0.37 | 1,150 | 6.17 | < .05 |
| TAU | 62.73 (8.67) | 60.86 (8.50) | 61.88 (9.01) | ||||||
| Social Behavior Schedule | HOPES | 51.42 (8.94) | 49.30 (8.54) | 46.74 (8.41) | −0.20 | −0.29 | 1,161 | 2.85 | NS |
| TAU | 51.17 (7.97) | 50.75 (9.23) | 49.14 (9.58) | ||||||
| ILSS Total | HOPES | 0.66 (0.10) | 0.68 (0.09) | 0.68 (0.11) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 1,164 | 2.28 | NS |
| TAU | 0.65 (0.11) | 0.66 (0.11) | 0.65 (0.12) | ||||||
| ILSS Leisure & Recreation | HOPES | 0.40 (0.15) | 0.45 (0.17) | 0.43 (0.14) | 0.62 | 0.63 | 1,158 | 8.78 | < .01 |
| TAU | 0.38 (0.15) | 0.37 (0.16) | 0.35 (0.14) | ||||||
| Symptoms | |||||||||
| SANS | HOPES | 2.42 (0.54) | 2.29 (0.49) | 2.26 (0.55) | −0.54 | −0.53 | 1,154 | 4.59 | < .05 |
| TAU | 2.50 (0.54) | 2.51 (0.57) | 2.52 (0.65) | ||||||
| Self-efficacy | |||||||||
| Revised Self-efficacy Scale | HOPES | 66.24 (19.16) | 71.35 (17.70) | 71.46 (16.37) | 0.24 | 0.01 | 1,155 | 6.54 | < .05 |
| TAU | 68.99 (18.61) | 68.76 (17.74) | 71.33 (18.49) | ||||||
*
Group effects based on mixed effects linear models with baseline as covariate, and with time, treatment group, diagnosis, gender, and their interactions as fixed effects. Degrees of freedom vary across analyses due to missing data.
Abbreviations: HOPES- Helping Older People Experience Success program, ILSS- Independent Living Skills Survey, SANS- Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, TAU- Treatment as Usual, UPSA- University of California at San Diego Performance - based Skills Assessment.