Figure 5.

The distribution of unfolding forces at each pulling velocity (black histograms). (Continuous lines/red online) Fits to the kinetic scheme shown in the last panel (G_eq and G are in units of k_BT; x_eq and x_u are in units of Å; Δκ is in units of Å/pN). (Dashed lines/blue online) Fits to a kinetic model (denoted as the SB variant in the main text) where the pathway A1→D is absent (G_eq = 7.45 k_BT, x_eq = 1.01 Å, x_u = 4.2 Å, G = 15.75 k_BT, and Δκ = 0.303 Å/pN). The dotted line (magenta online) at 1 nm/s is a fit to the unfolding force histogram using the rate equations of Bell (7) (k[0] = 2 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹, x^pf_out = 11 Å). The dotted line at 1 nm/s cannot be seen clearly, because it overlaps perfectly with the dashed line. The dotted line (magenta online) at 20 nm/s is a fit to the unfolding force histogram calculated using the parameters determined at 1 nm/s.