. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 2.

Published in final edited form as: Eur Addict Res. 2009 Sep 18;15(4):216–223. doi: 10.1159/000239415

Table 3.

Hierarchical regression for total consumption, panel data

Women
N=778 individuals/2237 observations
Model	M1 (random intercept)	M2 (+ time)	M3 (+ variables on the individual level)	M4 (+ random slope)	M5 (+ cross level interaction)
Fixed part
Constant	0.219^***	0.229^***	0.170^***	0.169^***	0.175^***
Time		−0.008^***	−0.008^***	−0.008^***	−0.009^***
Age			0.0002	0.0002	−0.0003
Age²			0.0001^***	0.0001^***	0.0001^*
Income			0.006^*	0.006^*	0.005^*
Education middle			0.036^**	0.036^**	0.035^**
Education high			0.027^*	0.028^*	0.028^*
Time^* age					0.0004^*
Random part
τ₀₀	0.027^***	0.027^***	0.027^***	0.028^***	0.028^***
τ₀₁				−0.0006	−0.0007
τ₁₁				0.0004^*	0.0004^*
σ₂	0.011^***	0.011^***	0.011^***	0.010^***	0.010^***
ICC	71.6%
AIC	−2164.3	−2166.9	−2132.5	−2132.7	−2121.7
R²time		0.008	0.011	0.067	0.069
R²ind			0.026
Men
N=674 individuals/1990 observations
Fixed part
constant	0.398^***	0.403^***	0.323^***	0.321^***
time		−0.004	−0.006	−0.006
Age			−0.002^*	−0.002^*
Age²			0.0002^***	0.0002^***
Income			0.012^***	0.013^***
Education middle			---	---
Education high			---	---
Time^* age				---
Random part
τ₀₀	0.051^***	0.051^***	0.048^***	0.049^***
τ₀₁				−0.0009
τ₁₁				0.001^**
σ2	0.018^***	0.018^***	0.018^***	0.016^***
ICC	73.8%
AIC	−846.8	−839.0	−840.2	−847.0
R²time		0.001	0.003	0.101
R²ind			0.058

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

^***

p<0.001