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. 2009 Jul 1;86(3):234–236. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.128

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© 2009 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

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Investment during vaccine development increases substantially when a decision is made to advance into efficacy trials and scale up manufacturing. In the past, industry has had the dominant role in preparing products for advanced testing and licensure. The graph depicts the concept that, to develop vaccines for difficult viral pathogens and emerging virus diseases in the future, the balance of investment may need to shift more to government and public–private partnerships. The y‐axis indicates the relative level of investment required for successive stages of vaccine development.