Table 1. Summary data by pubertal group.
| Early puberty (n=28) | Mid-puberty (n=20) | Late puberty (n=44) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 9.5 ± 1.5 (9.3, 8.4–10.3) | 11.8 ± 1.3 (11.8, 11.0–12.5) | 14.9 ± 1.7 (15.0, 13.5–16.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.4 ± 5.2 (30.9, 27.4–35.1) | 32.4 ± 4.9 (31.0, 28.6–36.9) | 37.3 ± 5.8 (36.3, 33.1–41.5) |
| BMI% | 99.2 ± 0.8 (99.4, 99.1–99.7) | 98.7 ± 1.1 (99.0, 98.2–99.4) | 98.6 ± 1.2 (99.1, 98.3–99.5) |
| BMI z-score | 2.51 ± 0.32 (2.49, 2.30–2.70) | 2.30 ± 0.29 (2.33, 2.10–2.51) | 2.30 ± 0.32 (2.36, 2.06–2.55) |
| Race | 17 W, 10 B, 1 O | 13 W, 6 B, 1 O | 25 W, 10 B, 1 A, 8 NR |
| Hispanic ethinicity | 6 of 28 (21%) | 3 of 20 (15%) | 7 of 44 (16%) |
| Tanner stage | 6 Tanner 1, 22 Tanner 2 | All Tanner 3 | 11 Tanner 4, 33 Tanner 5 |
| Postmenarcheal | 0 of 28 (0%) | 4 of 20 (20%) | 40 of 44 (91%) |
| Gynecological age * | NA | All < 1 y | 2.6 ± 1.7 (2.5, 2–3) |
| Irregular menses * | NA | NA | 25 of 40 (63%) |
| Hirsutism | 1 of 28 (4%) | 2 of 20 (10%) | 26 of 44 (59%) |
| Total testosterone (pmol/liter) | 60.7 ± 47.6 (41.6, 24.1–105.7) | 122.7 ± 75.2 (100.5, 64.1–174.8) | 161.1 ± 81.3 (147.4, 86.5–199.3) |
| SHBG (nmol/liter) | 26.6 ± 15.0 (24.1, 14.7–35.5) | 19.4 ± 12.9 (16.7, 9.1–30.1) | 18.7 ± 9.9 (16.6, 12.0–22.2) |
| Free testosterone (pmol/liter) | 14.3 ± 14.5 (8.3, 4.9–20.1) | 32.3 ± 22.7 (24.1, 15.6–44.2) | 40.9 ± 22.2 (36.2, 21.6–58.4) |
| Luteinizing hormone (IU/liter) | 0.6 ± 1.1 (0.1, 0.1–0.6) | 2.4 ± 2.5 (1.6, 0.4–3.9) | 5.7 ± 2.9 (5.2, 3.5–7.3) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/liter) | 157 ± 124 (112, 58–205) | 227 ± 120 (228, 133–271) | 166 ± 90 (157, 102–215) |
| FSH (IU/liter) | 2.1 ± 2.3 (1.0, 0.3–3.2) | 4.4 ± 2.7 (4.0, 2.7–5.0) | 5.2 ± 1.9 (4.8, 3.9–6.3) |
| IGF-I (nmol/liter) | 29.3 ± 15.8 (23.5, 20.1–37.3) (n=23) | 44.4 ± 17.2 (40.9, 35.0–57.5) (n=17) | 45.9 ± 31.2 (42.2, 22.4–59.9) (n=37) |
| Estradiol (pmol/liter) | 110 ± 50 (86, 78–150) | 144 ± 66 (134, 87–190) | 217 ± 97 (188, 152–283) |
| DHEAS (nmol/liter) | 1683 ± 747 (1445, 1200–2269) | 3038 ± 1599 (2499, 1702–4068) | 3989 ± 2083 (3735, 2408–4891) |
BMI = body mass index; BMI% = BMI-for-age percentile; SHBG = sex hormone binding globulin; FSH = follicle stimulating hormone; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor-I; DHEAS = dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.