Table 1.

Enteral Resuscitation of Burn Injury - the Clinical Record

First author, Date	n =	TBSA burn	Solution	Results/comments
Fox, 1944	9	19%–80%	Isotonic sodium lactate	Less vomiting with sodium lactate than other sodium salts. Hypochloremic on day 2.
Moyer. 1949	30	Not listed	Hypotonic citrated or bicarbonated NaCl	Hypotonic solutions reported to have low incidence of nausea and vomiting. Used IV LR & oral buffered saline.
Markley, 1956	111	>10%	Isotonic bicarbonated NaCl	Vomiting less in oral group, 55% of cases used oral fluids only, rest received some IV LR or plasma
Wilson, 1960	142	15–65%	0.9% NaCl	Patients denied oral resuscitation if peripheral vascular collapse, vomiting, or gastric dilation.
Davies, 1964	20	10–40%	Mayer's solution bicarbonated NaCl	Always started with oral resuscitation, but about half required IV LR due to vomiting or deteriorating shock.
Franke, 1964	22	8–70%	Glucose-HCO3 electrolytes	Used gastric infusion and anti- emetics. 19 (86%) received only enteral fluids.
Sørensen, 1965	26	10–45%	Clear fluids + salt tablets	Administered water (100 to 200 mL/kg first 24-hrs) & 7.5-g salt tablet per L.
Jackson, 1966	162	10–35%	Mayer's solution Bicarbonated NaCl	75% treated with oral fluids only, 25% also received IV plasma or LR. Vomiting occurred in 36% of patients.
Monafo, 1970	7	22–95%	Hypertonic lactated saline - 600 mOsm	Combined oral & IV treatment with hypertonic lactated saline (HLS)
Ahnefeld, 1975	68	12–34%	Slightly hypertonic glucose electrolyte solution	Toleration of gastric infusion of 1L was 97% of patients in first hr postburn, but only 30% at 1.5–3 hrs postburn.
Maksimov, 1989	92	10–50%	Isotonic bicarbonated NaCl	Used enteral resuscitation exclusively in 12 patients w/moderate burns & to supplement IV therapy in 80 patients
El-Sonbaty, 1991	20	10–20%	WHO ORS	Control group w/ LR - Parkland formula had equivalent outcomes
Total	709