TABLE 2. Univariate Estimates and Predictors of Postoperative Ischemic Stroke After Hip Operation.
| Rate (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Number of Patients | Number of Events | 30-Day (95% CI) | 1-Year (95% CI) | Hazard Ratio | P Value |
| Overall | 1886 | 67 | 1.2 (0.7-1.7) | 3.9 (3-4.8) | ||
| Type of operative procedure | ||||||
| THA | 691 | 10 | 0.6 (0.0-1.1) | 1.5 (0.6-2.4) | ||
| Hip fracture repair | 1195 | 57 | 1.5 (0.8-2.2) | 5.5 (4.1-6.9) | 3.80 (1.94-7.44) | <0.001 |
| Age at operation, years | ||||||
| <75 | 528 | 11 | 1.0 (0.1-1.8) | 2.1 (0.9-3.3) | ||
| ≥75 | 1358 | 56 | 1.3 (0.7-1.9) | 4.7 (3.5-5.8) | 2.20 (1.15-4.21) | 0.02 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1394 | 54 | 1.3 (0.7-1.9) | 4.2 (3.1-5.3) | ||
| Male | 492 | 13 | 0.8 (0.0-1.7) | 2.9 (1.3-4.4) | 0.69 (0.38-1.27) | 0.24 |
| History of stroke | ||||||
| No | 1502 | 34 | 0.7 (0.3-1.2) | 2.4 (1.6-3.3) | ||
| Yes | 384 | 33 | 3.0 (1.2-4.7) | 9.9 (6.6-13) | 4.18 (2.59-6.74) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| No | 767 | 23 | 0.8 (0.2-1.4) | 3.4 (2.0-4.7) | ||
| Yes | 1119 | 44 | 1.5 (0.7-2.2) | 4.2 (3.0-5.5) | 1.29 (0.78-2.14) | 0.32 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | ||||||
| No | 1573 | 48 | 1.0 (0.5-1.5) | 3.3 (2.4-4.2) | ||
| Yes | 313 | 19 | 1.9 (0.4-3.5) | 7.0 (3.9-9.9) | 2.16 (1.27-3.67) | 0.005 |
| History of CAD | ||||||
| No | 1224 | 40 | 1.1 (0.5-1.6) | 3.5 (2.4-4.5) | ||
| Yes | 662 | 27 | 1.4 (0.5-2.3) | 4.7 (2.9-6.4) | 1.34 (0.82-2.19) | 0.24 |
| History of COPD | ||||||
| No | 1606 | 62 | 1.4 (0.8-2.0) | 4.2 (3.1-5.2) | ||
| Yes | 280 | 5 | 0 (0.0-0.0) | 2.2 (0.3-4.1) | 0.49 (0.20-1.22) | 0.13 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No | 1688 | 56 | 1.1 (0.6-1.7) | 3.6 (2.7-4.5) | ||
| Yes | 198 | 11 | 1.5 (0-3.3) | 6.3 (2.6-9.9) | 1.75 (0.92-3.34) | 0.09 |
| History of renal insufficiency | ||||||
| No | 1718 | 58 | 1.0 (0.5-1.5) | 3.7 (2.7-4.6) | ||
| Yes | 168 | 9 | 3.0 (0.4-5.5) | 5.8 (2-9.5) | 1.77 (0.88-3.57) | 0.11 |
| Aspirin use | ||||||
| No | 1349 | 39 | 0.7 (0.2-1.1) | 3.2 (2.2-4.2) | ||
| Yes | 537 | 28 | 2.5 (0.1-3.8) | 5.7 (3.6-7.7) | 1.86 (1.13-3.06) | 0.01 |
| β-Blocker use | ||||||
| No | 1568 | 52 | 1.1 (0.6-1.6) | 3.6 (2.7-4.6) | ||
| Yes | 318 | 15 | 1.6 (0.2-3.0) | 5.1 (2.6-7.6) | 1.42 (0.81-2.52) | 0.22 |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use | ||||||
| No | 1736 | 63 | 1.2 (0.7-1.7) | 4.0 (3.0-4.9) | ||
| Yes (statin/other lipid lowering drugs) | 148 | 4 | 1.4 (0-3.2) | 2.8 (0.1-5.4) | 0.70 (0.26-1.94) | 0.50 |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HMG-CoA, hydroxymethyglutaryl coenzyme A; THA, total hip arthroplasty.