MV upregulate multiple co-stimulatory markers but do not induce IL-12p70 or IL-23 secretion. A, BMDM were treated with 1 μg/ml LPS (solid line), 25 μg protein equivalents of MV (dotted line), or were left non-treated (gray filled) for 18 hours. Cells were analyzed for CD80, CD83, and CD86 or I-Ab surface expression. Isotype control is shown in filled in black. Data is representative of multiple experiments. B, BMDM were treated with 1 μg/ml LPS, 25 μg protein equivalents of MV, or were left non-treated for 18 hours. The histogram indicates IL-12p70 or IL-23 means ± SEM of n=3. The statistical comparison is made to non-treated BMDM. The dotted line indicates the bottom limit of detection for each respective ELISA.