Table 2.
Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident gastrointestinal cancer at specified sites, in relation to prescription of oral bisphosphonates
| Oral bisphosphonates | Oesophagus | Stomach | Colorectum | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prescriptions* | Cases/ controls | RR† (95% CI) | Prescriptions* | Cases/ controls | RR† (95% CI) | Prescriptions* | Cases/ controls | RR† (95% CI) | |||
| Not prescribed | NA | 2864/14 376 | 1.00 | NA | 1969/9737 | 1.00 | NA | 10 365/51 467 | 1.00 | ||
| Prescribed | 13.6/2.4 | 90/345 | 1.30 (1.02 to 1.66) | 8.9/1.4 | 49/270 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.19) | 11.0/1.9 | 276/1555 | 0.87 (0.77 to 1.00) | ||
| No of prescriptions: | |||||||||||
| 1-9 | 3.6/1.0 | 40/214 | 0.93 (0.66 to 1.31) | 3.0/0.4 | 28/160 | 0.84 (0.56 to 1.27) | 3.8/0.8 | 164/880 | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.09) | ||
| ≥10 | 21.6/3.5 | 50/131 | 1.93 (1.37 to 2.70) | 16.6/2.8 | 21/110 | 0.91 (0.57 to 1.47) | 21.6/3.7 | 112/675 | 0.82 (0.67 to 1.00) | ||
| Estimated duration of use‡: | |||||||||||
| ≤1 year | 4.9/0.3 | 31/155 | 0.98 (0.66 to 1.46) | 3.5/0.3 | 26/123 | 1.03 (0.67 to 1.59) | 3.3/0.3 | 120/647 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.11) | ||
| 1-3 years | 13.0/2.0 | 26/114 | 1.12 (0.73 to 1.73) | 11.9/1.8 | 16/86 | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.53) | 11.6/1.8 | 91/544 | 0.83 (0.66 to 1.04) | ||
| ≥3 years | 22.2/4.6 | 33/76 | 2.24 (1.47 to 3.43) | 21.6/4.9 | 7/61 | 0.54 (0.24 to 1.18) | 24.3/5.1 | 65/364 | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.15) | ||
NA=not applicable.
*Prescriptions of bisphosphonates in cases; reported as mean number/mean years.
†All relative risks adjusted for smoking status, alcohol intake, and body mass index.
‡Time between first and last prescription.