Appendix.
Frequency of use of drugs considered to possess anticholinergic activity*
| CHEMICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCE | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|
| ANTIDEPRESSANTS | |
| AMITRIPTYLINE | 0.87 |
| AMOXAPINE | 0.03 |
| CLOMIPRAMINE | 0.54 |
| DOSULEPINE | 0.14 |
| DOXEPINE | 0.06 |
| IMIPRAMINE | 0.06 |
| MAPROTILINE | 0.10 |
| MIRTAZAPINE | 0.03 |
| VILOXAZINE | 0.03 |
| OPIPRAMOL | 0.01 |
| TRIMIPRAMINE | 0.04 |
| DIGESTIVE ANTISPASMODICS | |
| ALVERINE | 1.10 |
| ATROPINE | 0.03 |
| TIEMONIUM | 0.04 |
| CLIDINIUM | 0.39 |
| GENITAL-URINARY ANTISPASMODICS | |
| FLAVOXATE | 0.06 |
| OXYBUTYNIN | 1.20 |
| TOLTERODINE | 0.04 |
| H1-ANTI-HISTAMINICS | |
| ALIMEMAZINE | 0.10 |
| DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE | 0.04 |
| DOXYLAMINE | 0.16 |
| FLUNARIZINE | 0.26 |
| KETOTIFENE | 0.04 |
| MECLOZINE | 0.04 |
| MEQUITAZINE | 0.04 |
| MIZOLASTINE | 0.10 |
| OXATOMIDE | 0.06 |
| PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE | 0.01 |
| PIMETHIXENE | 0.01 |
| PIZOTIFEN | 0.04 |
| PROMETHAZINE | 0.09 |
| ANXIOLYTICS | |
| ACEPROMETAZINE | 0.29 |
| HYDROXYZINE | 0.62 |
| CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICATIONS | |
| DISOPYRAMIDE | 0.45 |
| ANTIEPILETICS | |
| CARBAMAZEPINE | 0.46 |
| ANTIPSYCHOTICS | |
| CHLORPROMAZINE | 0.01 |
| CYAMEMAZINE | 0.06 |
| FLUPENTIXOL | 0.01 |
| FLUPHENAZINE | 0.01 |
| LEVOMEPROMAZINE | 0.19 |
| PERICIAZINE | 0.03 |
| THIORIDAZINE | 0.01 |
| TRIFLUOPERAZINE | 0.01 |
| ANTIASTHMATIC | |
| IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE | 0.15 |
| ANTIPARKINSON DRUGS | |
| TROPATEPINE | 0.03 |
| TRIHEXYPHENIDYL | 0.09 |
| ANTIEMETICS | |
| METOPIMAZINE | 0.07 |
*
The list was established using BIAM, THERIAQUE and VIDAL classifications and drugs were coded according to the World Health Organization’s ATC classification (see Methods). Some subjects used two or three medications with anticholinergic properties simultaneously.