Fig. 3.

Effect of ginseng on the expression of genes involved catecholamine biosynthesis in adrenal gland. Total RNA extracted from adrenal gland was used for mRNA expression analysis of TH (A) and DBH (B) by quantitative real-time PCR. The groups are control (C), immobilization stress (S), and ginseng with immobilization stress (GS). The immobilization stress was induced daily for 2 hr of each day for 2 weeks. The ginseng with immobilization stress group was treated with ginseng (200 mg/kg BW) dissolved in water after the application of immobilization stress. Values are expressed as the fold-change over control as mean ± SE (n = 4). Values with different superscript letter are significantly different, P < 0.05.