Table 1.
Female Condom Survey Sample Characteristics of Women by Ethnic Groups (Percentages Except where Indicated Means [SD])a
| African/Black Americans (n = 256) | Puerto Ricans/other Latinos (n = 140) | Whites/other groupsb (n = 65) | Total sample (n = 461) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | 55.4 | 30.4 | 14.1 | |
| Level 1a: Individual Demographic | ||||
| Mean age** | M = 40.8 (9.38) | M = 36.9 (9.27) | M = 37.4 (9.62) | M = 39.2 (9.55) |
| High school graduate** | 52.7 | 33.6 | 73.8 | 49.9 |
| >Marital status:** | ||||
| Single | 65.6 | 45.7 | 43.1 | 56.4 |
| Married/living together | 17.2 | 37.1 | 30.8 | 25.2 |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 16.4 | 15.7 | 26.2 | 17.6 |
| Homeless (currently) | 25.0 | 31.4 | 38.5 | 28.9 |
| Level 1b: Individual HIV/STI Risk | ||||
| Substance use in last 30 days: | ||||
| Any illicit drug use | 54.3 | 62.9 | 55.4 | 57.0 |
| Alcohol use to intoxication** | 36.7 | 21.4 | 29.2 | 31.0 |
| Injection drug use** | 1.2 | 14.3 | 16.9 | 7.4 |
| Crack use | 35.5 | 32.9 | 26.1 | 33.4 |
| Polydrug use** | 15.2 | 32.9 | 24.6 | 21.9 |
| STIs: | ||||
| Past infection | 69.9 | 57.9 | 67.7 | 65.9 |
| Current symptoms | 8.1 | 12.9 | 16.9 | 10.8 |
| HIV-positive (self report) | 12.8 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 11.8 |
| Sexual/physical abuse experiences: | ||||
| Any abuse history*** | 54.7 | 76.4 | 90.8 | 66.4 |
| Childhood abuse** | 36.6 | 57.1 | 55.4 | 45.5 |
| Adulthood abuse** | 36.2 | 57.1 | 78.5 | 48.6 |
| Level 2: Partner | ||||
| Multiple sex partners (2 or more in last 30 days) | 12.9 | 9.3 | 18.5 | 12.6 |
| Sex partner types (last 30 days): | ||||
| Primary male partner | 89.5 | 92.9 | 87.7 | 90.2 |
| Casual male partner(s)* | 18.8 | 10.7 | 23.1 | 16.9 |
| Paying male partner(s) | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
| Multiple partner types | 12.1 | 8.6 | 13.8 | 11.3 |
| Pregnant or trying* | 2.0 | 8.6 | 4.6 | 4.3 |
| Contraception in use (last 30 days)c | ||||
| Nothing | 36.3 | 39.3 | 43.1 | 38.2 |
| Sterilization | 22.7 | 29.3 | 18.5 | 24.1 |
| Hormones (pill/shot/patch/subdermal) | 7.0 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 5.9 |
| Condoms (male or female) | 32.0 | 24.3 | 33.8 | 29.9 |
| Current partner abuse** | 2.8 | 10.0 | 13.8 | 6.5 |
| Primary partner FC refusal (last 30d) | 1.3 | 2.3 | 0 | 1.5 |
| Level 3: Peer/Network | ||||
| # in network who talked about FC | M = 1.16 (1.24) | M = 1.60 (1.56) | M = 0.94 (1.04) | M = 1.26 (1.34) |
| Influential person said + about FC | 53.9 [n = 89] | 57.0 [n = 53] | 52.6 [n = 20] | 54.7 [n = 162] |
| Influential person said − about FC | 0.6 [n = 1] | 10.8 [n = 10] | 0 | 3.7 [n = 11] |
| Perceived FC peer norms (scale)d | M = 0.95 | M = 1.01 | M = 0.77 | M = 0.95 |
| Level 4: Environment | ||||
| FC users who got all FC free | 96.0 [n = 25] | 87.5 [n = 16] | 66.7 [n = 3] | 90.9 [n = 44] |
a
p Values refer to differences by ethnicity.
b
Other ethnic groups included 0.4% Native American (n = 2), 0.2% Asian (n = 1), 1.5% mixed/other (n = 7).
c
Thirteen sterilized women also reported using MC or FC for contraception, as did 6 women using hormonal contraception. Condom users for contraception included 119 who used only MC, 5 who used only FC, and 16 who used both FC and MC.
d
Three-item scale: 0 = very unlikely; 1 = somewhat likely; 2 = somewhat unlikely; 3 = very unlikely; higher score indicates more positive peer norms regarding FC.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.
FC, female condom; MC, male condom; SD, standard deviation.