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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 6.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):330–333. doi: 10.1126/science.1150255

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Simplified carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants (29). Enzymatic reactions are represented by arrows, dashed lines represent multiple enzymatic steps. Substrates in red were evaluated in this study. Compounds: GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; ABA, abscisic acid. Enzymes: PSY, phytoene synthase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; Z-ISO, 15-cis zetacarotene isomerase; ZDS, zetacarotene desaturase; CRTISO, carotene isomerase; HYD, carotene hydroxylase enzymes, which include ε- and β-ring hydroxylases.