Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with and without incident diabetes in men and women
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident diabetes (146) |
No diabetes (2027) |
P Value | Incident diabetes (220) |
No diabetes (2808) |
P Value | |
| Age (year) | 49.1 ± 13.5 | 42.8 ± 14.0 | <0.001 | 46.6 ± 11.7 | 40.3 ± 12.5 | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 39.7 | 24.0 | <0.001 | 42.3 | 26.4 | <0.001 |
| Intervention (%) | 39.7 | 35.4 | 0.3 | 35.0 | 36.2 | 0.7 |
| History of CVD (%) | 6.8 | 3.9 | 0.09 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | 0.9 | 0.5 | ||||
| Never | 62.3 | 60.5 | 94.5 | 96.2 | ||
| Past | 13.7 | 13.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | ||
| Current | 25.0 | 25.8 | 3.6 | 2.5 | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 37.7 | 17.5 | <0.001 | 36.8 | 18.0 | <0.001 |
| Obesity (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Normal weight | 21.2 | 43.7 | 11.4 | 31.7 | ||
| Overweight | 47.3 | 43.4 | 34.5 | 40.9 | ||
| Obese | 31.5 | 13.0 | 54.1 | 27.4 | ||
| Abdominal obesity (%) | 67.8 | 45.1 | <0.001 | 72.3 | 41.0 | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering drug use (%) | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 6.4 | 2.6 | 0.001 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (%) | 54.1 | 9.5 | <0.001 | 55.9 | 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.1 (1.5-3.0) | 1.7(1.8-2.4) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.4-3.0) | 1.4(1.0-2.1) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C (mmol/l) | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| TC/HDL-C | 6.2 ± 2.2 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | <0.001 | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| TG/HDL-C | 5.1(3.4-8.2) | 4.0(2.5-6.3) | <0.001 | 4.5(2.8-7.0) | 2.7 (1.8 -4.5) | <0.001 |
CVD: Cardiovascular disease, HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol, Mean ± SD are shown for continuous variables and P value is calculated with t-test; % is shown for categorical variables with P value according to chi-square; TG and TG/HDL are shown as median (interquartile range) and P value according to Mann-Whitney test. For categorical variables with more than 2 values, the first category was considered as the reference and the p-value is for linear trend in risk. Obesity: BMI < 25 (normal), 25-29.9 (overweight) and ≥30 kg/m2 (obese), Abdominal obesity: waist circumference ≥90 cm in both sexes; Hypertension: Blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg and/or taking of antihypertensive medication; IGT: 2-hours plasma glucose level between 7.77-11.1 mmol/l.