Table 3.
Univariate analysis of variables associated with 10 items ADL dependence
| Variables | Physical Disability present |
Physical Disability absent |
Unadjusted prevalence ratio | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | PR | (95% CI) | |
| Age group | ||||||
| 60-64 | 17 | (6.1) | 263 | (93.9) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| 65-69 | 39 | (22.9) | 131 | (77.1) | 3.3 | (2.7, 4.0) |
| 70-74 | 57 | (38.3) | 92 | (61.7) | 5.9 | (4.4, 8.1) |
| ≥75 | 69 | (49.6) | 70 | (50.4) | 10.8 | (7.1, 16.3) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 58 | (20.6) | 224 | (79.4) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Female | 124 | (27.2) | 332 | (72.8) | 1.8 | (1.1, 3.0) |
| Ethnic Group | ||||||
| Malays | 135 | (24.3) | 420 | (75.7) | 1.00 | |
| Chinese | 25 | (23.2) | 83 | (76.8) | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.1) |
| Indians and Others | 22 | (29.3) | 53 | (70.7) | 1.4 | (0.7, 3.0) |
| Education level | ||||||
| Secondary and Tertiary education | 21 | (25.3) | 62 | (74.7) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Primary education | 93 | (19.8) | 376 | (80.2) | 2.0 | (1.3, 3.2) |
| No formal education | 68 | (36.6) | 118 | (63.4) | 2.8 | (1.4, 5.7) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 112 | (23.8) | 359 | (76.2) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Widowed | 69 | (26.5) | 191 | (73.5) | 1.2 | (0.7, 1.9) |
| Others (single and divorced) | 1 | (14.3) | 6 | (85.7) | 1.3 | (0.6, 2.6) |
| Living Arrangements | ||||||
| Living with others | 158 | (24.2) | 495 | (28.2) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Living alone | 24 | (28.2) | 61 | (71.8) | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.7) |
| Social support | ||||||
| Not at risk of isolation | 136 | (23.2) | 450 | (76.8) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| At risk of isolation | 46 | (30.3) | 106 | (69.7) | 1.3 | (1.0, 1.7) |
| Presence of chronic disease | ||||||
| None | 32 | (13.1) | 213 | (86.9) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| One chronic disease | 101 | (25.2) | 300 | (74.8) | 4.1 | (2.9, 6.0) |
| More than one chronic disease | 49 | (53.3) | 43 | (46.7) | 8.4 | (4.8, 14.5) |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 95 | (17.9) | 437 | (82.1) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Yes | 87 | (42.2) | 119 | (57.8) | 2.4 | (1.9, 3.0) |
| Arthritis | ||||||
| No | 125 | (21.0) | 469 | (79.0) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Yes | 57 | (39.6) | 87 | (60.4) | 1.9 | (1.5, 2.4) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| No | 166 | (23.6) | 539 | (76.4) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Yes | 16 | (48.5) | 17 | (51.5) | 2.1 | (1.4, 3.0) |
| Depressive Symptomology | ||||||
| No | 122 | (21.1) | 455 | (78.9) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Yes | 60 | (37.3) | 101 | (62.7) | 1.8 | (1.4, 2.3) |
| Presenting visual acuity | ||||||
| Normal | 130 | (22.5) | 449 | (77.5) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Mild to moderate visual impairment | 42 | (33.3) | 84 | (66.7) | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.5) |
| Blind | 10 | (30.3) | 23 | (69.7) | 2.1 | (1.2, 3.8) |
| BMI (weight/height2) | ||||||
| Normal | 65 | (25.0) | 195 | (75.0) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
| Underweight | 79 | (24.8) | 240 | (75.2) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.4) |
| Overweight | 35 | (24.3) | 109 | (75.7) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.6) |