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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 6.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biochem. 2008;77:313–338. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061306.123941

Figure 9.

Figure 9

DNA end-bridging and end-processing complexes formed by human NHEJ proteins. (a) A model of the end-bridging complex formed by heterodimeric Ku, DNA PKcs/Artemis, and DNA ligase IV/XRCC4. (b) Diagram showing the protein-protein interactions among the NHEJ factors involved in the end-processing and ligation steps of NHEJ (130–142). Pol X refers to Pol λ, Pol μ, and terminal transferase (138, 139). Abbreviations: DNA PKcs, catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase; PNK, polynucleotide kinase; X4, X-ray cross-complementing 4 or XRCC4; XLF, XRCC4-like factor. This protein is also known as Cernunnos.