Table 1.
Characteristics of the 17 included studies. There were 9 crossover and 8 parallel studies. The isoflavones tablets introduced were mainly in aglycone form. The abbreviations were listed below table.
| Study | Treatment (Rx) † | Isoflavones content in Rx (mg/d) ‡ | Control | Isoflavones content in control (mg/d) | No. of subjects | Lipid status § | Subject gender || | Length of treatment (weeks) |
| *Calvert 1981 [7] | soy biscuits | NA | soy biscuits | 0 | 10 | H | male | 4 |
| Clifton-Bligh 2001(I) [8] | T | 57 | T | |||||
| Clifton-Bligh 2001(II) [8] | T | 85.5 | 28.5 | 46 | B | female | 26 | |
| Dewell 2002 [9] | T | 150 G = 40; D = 50; glycosides = 60 | placebo | 0 | 36 | H | female | 24 |
| Hale 2002 [10] | T | 80 G = 40; D = 40 | placebo | 0 | 29 | NS | post | 2 |
| Han 2002 [11] | soy protein capsule | 100 G = 70; D = 18; glycitein = 12 | soy protein capsule | 0 | 78 | N | peri | 16 |
| Hodgson 1998 [12] | T | 55 G = 30; D = 1; B = 16; F = 8 | placebo | 0 | 59 | N | male & female | 8 |
| Howes 2000 [13] | T | 40 G = 1; D = 0.5; B = 26; F = 16 | placebo | 0 | 75 | NS | post | 5 |
| Mackey 2000 [14] | ISP | 65 | ISP | < 4 | 49 | H | post | 12 |
| *Merz-Demlow 2000(I) [15] | ISP | 113–144 | ISP | |||||
| *Merz-Demlow 2000(II) [15] | ISP | 55–74 | 9–11 | 13 | N | female | 3 | |
| *Nestel 1997 [16] | T | 40–80 G= 22–43; D = 17–33; glycitein= 1–3 | placebo | 0 | 21 | B | female | 5 |
| *Nestel 1999(I) [17] | T | 80 G = 8; D = 7; B = 49; F = 16 | placebo | |||||
| *Nestel 1999(II) [17] | T | 40 G = 4; D = 3.5; B = 24.5; F = 8 | 0 | 13 | B | female | 5 | |
| *Samman 1999 [18] | T | 86 G = 8.6; D = 7.4; B = 51.4; F = 18.6 | placebo | 0 | 14 | N | pre | 16 |
| *Sanders 2002 [19] | soy burger | 56 G = 34.8; D = 21.2 | soy burger | 2 | 22 | N | male & female | 2 |
| *Simons 2000 [20] | T | 80 | placebo | 0 | 20 | N | post | 8 |
| Squadrito 2002 [21] | T | 54 G= 54 | placebo | 0 | 60 | N | female | 24 |
| *Urban 2001 [22] | T | 70 G = 42; D = 27 | ISP | 3 | 28 | N | elderly men | 6 |
| *Wangen 2001(I) [23] | ISP | 110–154 | ISP | |||||
| *Wangen 2001(II) [23] | ISP | 54–76 | 6–8.2 | 18 | NS | post | 4 |
* crossover design † 'T' = isoflavone tablet; 'ISP' = isolated soy protein ‡ 'G' = Genistein; 'D' = Daidzein; 'B' = Biochanin A; 'F' = Formononectin §'H' = hyperlipidemic subjects, 'N' = normolipidemic subjects; 'B' = both hyper- and normolipidemic subjects; 'NS' = not specified || 'pre' = premenopausal women; 'peri' = perimenopausal women; 'post' = postmenopausal women