Table 3.

Adjusted effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals in hearing thresholds (dB HL) with one interquartile range increment in bone lead measure in the Normative Aging Study.

	Model 1*		Model 2*		Model 3*
	Tibia lead (n=448; IQR=15 µg/g)
Frequency	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
0.25 kHz	0.45	−0.29, 1.19	0.41	−0.37, 1.20	0.42	−0.38, 1.21
0.5 kHz	0.24	−0.47, 0.94	0.07	−0.68, 0.81	0.07	−0.68, 0.82
1 kHz	0.47	−0.35, 1.29	0.25	−0.62, 1.11	0.22	−0.65, 1.10
2 kHz	1.47	0.05, 2.89†	1.17	−0.34, 2.68	1.10	−0.43, 2.62
3 kHz	1.98	0.19, 3.77†	1.41	−0.47, 3.29	1.17	−0.72, 3.06
4 kHz	3.09	1.14, 5.04‡	2.60	0.55, 4.64†	2.18	0.13, 4.23†
6 kHz	1.80	−0.13, 3.73	1.46	−0.55, 3.46	1.71	−0.28, 3.71
8 kHz	1.24	−0.80, 3.29	1.22	−0.93, 3.37	1.75	−0.35, 3.86
PTA	1.26	0.32, 2.20‡	0.96	−0.04, 1.96	0.83	−0.18, 1.83
	Patella lead (n=447; IQR=21 µg/g)
Frequency	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
0.25 kHz	0.60	−0.12, 1.31	0.54	−0.22, 1.30	0.56	−0.21, 1.33
0.5 kHz	0.67	−0.01, 1.35	0.49	−0.23, 1.21	0.50	−0.23, 1.23
1 kHz	0.99	0.20, 1.78†	0.80	−0.03, 1.63	0.80	−0.05, 1.64
2 kHz	2.12	0.75, 3.49‡	1.85	0.40, 3.30†	1.81	0.34, 3.28†
3 kHz	3.06	1.33, 4.78§	2.55	0.74, 4.36‡	2.32	0.50, 4.15†
4 kHz	4.24	2.37, 6.11§	3.83	1.86, 5.79§	3.43	1.46, 5.41§
6 kHz	2.61	0.75, 4.47‡	2.26	0.32, 4.19†	2.54	0.61, 4.47†
8 kHz	2.16	0.18, 4.14†	2.09	0.01, 4.16†	2.65	0.61, 4.68†
PTA	1.97	1.07, 2.88§	1.70	0.75, 2.66§	1.58	0.62, 2.55‡

^*Model 1: adjusted for age; Model 2: Model 1 + race (white or other), education (>12 yr of education or not), body mass index (kg/m²), pack-years of cigarettes (0, <30, 30+), diabetes and hypertension; Model 3: Model 2 + occupational noise (low, medium, high) and noise notch (yes or no).

^†p<0.05,

^‡p<0.01,

^§p<0.001.