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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Methods. 2010 Jun 8;52(1):57–73. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.06.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of (A) in vitro and (B) in vivo protein folding pathways. Protein folding studies in vitro begin from a chemically or temperature induced unfolded ensemble and proceed through folding intermediates to either the native folded structure or misfolded/aggregated states. Protein folding in the cell differs from in vitro folding due to the influence of molecular chaperones, the ribosome and molecular crowding. (C) High resolution three-dimensional structure of the E. coli 70S ribosome (PDB codes 2AVY, 2AW4) [97].