Table 2.
Demographic, military, and clinical information for study population
| Exposed (N=40) | Unexposed (N=40) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (S.D.) | 44.0 (10.2) | 42.7 (9.3) |
| No. left-handed or ambidextrous (%) | 7 (18%) | 5 (13%) |
| No. female (%) | 7 (18%) | 7 (18%) |
| No. White (%) | 26 (65%) | 19 (48%) |
| No. Married (%) | 19 (48%) | 25 (63%) |
| Years of education | 14.9 (3.7) | 14.5 (2.0) |
| No. with less than college education | 5 (13%) | 6 (15%) |
| Military status during Gulf War | ||
| No. activity duty (%) | 30 (75%) | 31 (78%) |
| No. National Guard (%) | 5 (13%) | 2 (5%) |
| No. Reserves (%) | 5 (13%) | 7 (18%) |
| Years in the military | 14.6 (9.2) | 14.1 (7.8) |
| No. with service-connected disability (%) | 18 (45%) | 22 (55%) |
| Avg. percent VA disability (range) | 38.6% (10–100%) | 40.3% (5–100%) |
| No. currently employed (%) | 26 (65%) | 28 (70%) |
| No. with history of alcohol problem (%) | 19 (48%) | 22 (55%) |
| Avg. no. of alcoholic drinks/week during past yr. | 3.7 (5.6) | 2.3 (3.1) |
| None | 21 | 18 |
| 1–3 | 8 | 13 |
| ≥ 4 | 11 | 9 |
| No. CMI cases (%) | 21 (54%) | 23 (59%) |
| No. current PTSD diagnosis (%) | 5 (13%) | 5 (13%) |
| Current CAPS | 14.8 (25.1) | 15.5 (21.8) |
| No. current MDD diagnosis (%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (7%) |
| Estimated exposure range (mg min/m3) | 0.047–0.889 | -- |
| No. with no exposure estimate | 9 (23%) | -- |
| No. with moderate exposure (0.0469-0.072 mg min/m3) | 7 (18%) | -- |
| No. with high exposure (>0.072–0.999 mg min/m3) | 24 (60%) | -- |
CMI, chronic multisymptom illness (as defined by Fukuda et al., 1998); PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD scale; MDD, major depression