Evaluation of total protein content of bacteria treated with 16 μg/ml rifaximin and bile acids. Each treatment contained 4 mM total synthetic bile acids in a mixture of cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, glycocholic, lithocholic, and taurocholic acids at pH 7.4. Cells were grown with rifaximin in the presence and absence of bile acids, and aliquots were taken every hour for total protein concentration determination. The total protein concentration was determined using the Bradford assay. The error bars represent the standard deviations between three replicate experiments.