TABLE 1.
Bacterial and viral indicators detected in urban sewage, animal wastewater, and fecal samples
| Sample | No. of samples | Detection of indicated bacterial or viral indicator (no. of log10 CFU·ml−1 or g−1)a |
Samples positive for stx detection in phage DNA (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fecal coliform | E. coli | Somatic coliphage | |||
| Sewage from plant 1 | 30 | 5.08 (0.31) | 4.70 (0.39) | 4.46 (0.32) | 90.0 |
| Sewage from plant 2 | 20 | 5.05 (0.58) | 4.25 (0.85) | 4.07 (0.93) | 40.0 |
| Cattle wastewater | 14 | 4.81 (0.58) | 4.52 (0.60) | 4.41 (0.98) | 85.7 |
| Pig wastewater | 8 | 5.77 (0.42) | 5.66 (0.43) | 5.49 (0.50) | 100.0 |
| Poultry wastewater | 14 | 5.15 (0.92) | 4.89 (0.82) | 4.49 (0.80) | 100.0 |
| Cattle feces | 38 | 3.87 (1.50) | 3.62 (1.32) | 3.74 (0.41) | 89.5 |
| Human feces | 5 | NA | NA | 4.74 (0.30) | 20.0 |
| Pig feces | 4 | NA | NA | 5.84 (0.24) | 75.0 |
| Rabbit feces | 4 | NA | NA | 3.85 (1.20) | 0 |
| Cat feces | 3 | NA | NA | 5.44 (0.67) | 0 |
| Sheep feces | 2 | NA | NA | 4.35 (0.49) | 100.0 |
| Dog feces | 2 | NA | NA | 5.33 (0.53) | 50.0 |
| Mouse feces | 1 | NA | NA | 3.48 | 0 |
| Bird feces | 1 | NA | NA | 4.43 | 0 |
a
Bacterial indicators include fecal coliforms and E. coli strains, and viral indicators include somatic coliphages. Results are the average values of the number of samples tested, with SD shown in parentheses. NA, not analyzed.