Table 5. Variations in EMS-SAQ domain mean scores across individual characteristics.
| Characteristic | Safety Climate | Teamwork Climate |
Perceptions of Mgmt |
Job Satisfaction | Working Conditions |
Stress Recognition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Female | 73.8 (72.0, 75.5) | 69.7 (67.6, 71.8) | 66.2 (64.0, 68.5) | 75.4 (73.5, 77.3) | 66.2 (64.1, 68.3) | 57.6 (55.3, 59.9) |
| Male | 75.0 (73.9, 76.0) | 71.9 (70.7, 73.0) | 66.0 (64.7, 67.2) | 75.7 (74.4, 76.8) | 67.1 (65.9, 68.3) | 55.3 (54.0, 56.7) |
| Age | * | * | * | NS | * | NS |
| 18-30 | 72.7 (71.0, 74.4) | 68.2 (66.3, 70.2) | 62.9 (60.8, 64.9) | 74.2 (72.2, 76.1) | 64.7 (62.6, 66.7) | 54.8 (52.5, 57.0) |
| 31-40 | 75.2 (73.8, 76.6) | 71.5 (69.9, 73.1) | 66.4 (64.6, 68.1) | 76.3 (74.7, 77.9) | 66.0 (64.2, 67.7) | 55.8 (53.9, 57.7) |
| 41-50 | 76.0 (74.2, 77.8) | 73.4 (71.3, 75.5) | 68.3 (66.0, 70.6) | 76.3 (74.3, 78.4) | 69.5 (67.3, 71.7) | 56.4 (53.9, 58.8) |
| >50 | 75.1 (72.6, 77.6) | 73.3 (70.6, 76.1) | 68.6 (65.4, 71.9) | 74.9 (71.9, 77.8) | 68.6 (65.5, 71.7) | 58.5 (55.3, 61.6) |
| Total experience in EMS | * | * | * | NS | * | NS |
| ≤5 yrs | 76.6 (75.0, 78.1) | 72.0 (70.2, 73.9) | 68.0 (66.0, 70.1) | 77.2 (75.3, 79.1) | 68.2 (66.3, 70.1) | 55.3 (53.0, 57.6) |
| 6-10 yrs | 72.6 (70.6, 74.6) | 68.7 (66.4, 71.1) | 63.1 (60.6, 65.5) | 74.7 (72.5, 77.0) | 64.5 (62.0, 67.0) | 56.8 (54.3, 59.4) |
| 11-15 yrs | 75.7 (73.6, 77.7) | 73.2 (70.9, 75.4) | 66.9 (64.3, 69.5) | 77.0 (74.8, 79.2) | 69.1 (66.8, 71.3) | 54.8 (52.1, 57.5) |
| 16-20 yrs | 72.9 (70.5, 75.4) | 69.7 (67.2, 72.2) | 65.3 (62.5, 68.1) | 73.2 (70.7, 75.8) | 63.5 (60.5, 66.5) | 55.3 (52.3, 58.3) |
| >20 yrs | 74.7 (72.7, 76.7) | 72.8 (70.4, 75.1) | 66.8 (64.2, 69.5) | 74.7 (72.4, 77.1) | 67.8 (65.3, 70.3) | 57.8 (55.1, 60.5) |
| Years at current EMS agency | * | NS | * | * | NS | NS |
| ≤5 yrs | 75.8 (74.5, 77.1) | 71.9 (70.3, 73.4) | 67.2 (65.5, 68.9) | 76.8 (75.2, 78.3) | 67.3 (65.6, 69.0) | 55.1 (53.2, 57.0) |
| 6-10 yrs | 73.7 (71.8, 75.6) | 69.7 (67.6, 71.8) | 64.4 (62.1, 66.7) | 74.7 (72.7, 76.7) | 65.8 (63.7, 68.0) | 56.2 (53.9, 58.6) |
| ≥11 yrs | 73.1 (71.4, 74.8) | 70.4 (68.5, 72.3) | 63.6 (61.5, 65.7) | 72.5 (70.5, 74.5) | 65.1 (63.0, 67.1) | 57.6 (55.4, 59.8) |
| Position type | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS |
| EMT-B asic | 76.4 (74.5, 78.3) | 73.7 (71.5, 75.9) | 67.3 (64.8, 69.8) | 79.3 (77.2, 81.4) | 69.1 (66.7, 71.5) | 54.0 (51.2, 56.7) |
| EMT-Intermediate | 73.6 (70.2, 76.9) | 69.5 (65.7, 73.3) | 67.4 (63.0, 71.7) | 76.7 (72.6, 80.8) | 66.3 (61.9, 70.7) | 54.2 (49.3, 59.1) |
| EMT-Paramedic | 72.6 (71.5, 73.7) | 69.0 (67.7, 70.3) | 63.2 (61.9, 64.6) | 72.8 (71.5, 74.1) | 64.8 (63.4, 66.1) | 56.1 (54.7, 57.6) |
| Prehospital RN (Nurse) | 81.9 (79.2, 84.8) | 78.3 (74.9, 81.8) | 77.5 (73.6, 81.3) | 81.9 (78.6, 85.1) | 71.4 (67.5, 75.3) | 60.3 (56.0, 64.5) |
| Other | 84.3 (80.8, 87.8) | 81.9 (78.3, 85.6) | 78.8 (74.3, 83.2) | 84.5 (81.0, 88.1) | 75.8 (72.0, 79.7) | 57.6 (51.9, 63.2) |
| Full-time status | NS | * | * | NS | * | NS |
| Career full-time | 74.2 (73.2, 75.2) | 70.8 (69.6, 71.9) | 65.0 (63.8, 66.3) | 75.0 (73.9, 76.2) | 65.8 (64.6, 67.1) | 56.1 (54.7, 57.3) |
| Part-time | 76.2 (74.3, 78.1) | 72.5 (70.4, 74.6) | 70.0 (67.7, 72.3) | 76.9 (74.7, 79.0) | 69.1 (66.8, 71.4) | 55.9 (53.2, 58.6) |
| Volunteer | 79.5 (74.7, 84.2) | 80.2 (73.7, 86.8) | 70.8 (64.0, 77.5) | 82.9 (77.9, 87.8) | 76.1 (69.6, 82.6) | 60.5 (52.2, 68.8) |
| Education | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | * |
| Some H.S., H.S. grad, or GED | 76.0 (72.7, 79.3) | 72.0 (68.1, 75.8) | 66.3 (62.3, 70.4) | 74.9 (71.1, 78.8) | 68.8 (65.1, 72.4) | 52.5 (48.2, 56.9) |
| Some college | 74.5 (73.1, 75.9) | 70.6 (69.0, 72.2) | 64.5 (62.7, 66.3) | 75.4 (73.8, 77.0) | 67.2 (65.5, 69.0) | 53.9 (51.9, 55.9) |
| College (AD or Bachelor’s) | 74.6 (73.3, 75.9) | 71.6 (70.2, 73.0) | 67.0 (65.4, 68.5) | 75.7 (74.3, 77.1) | 66.2 (64.6, 67.7) | 57.8 (56.2, 59.4) |
| College (Graduate) | 75.2 (71.3, 79.2) | 71.7 (67.0, 76.4) | 68.5 (63.1, 73.9) | 74.9 (70.1, 79.7) | 64.4 (59.8, 69.1) | 58.9 (53.5, 64.3) |
*
indicates significant differences in domain mean scores across different levels of a variable p<0.05.
**
indicates significance at p<0.0001. NS=no significant differences identified.
NS=no significant differences identified.