Table 2.
Selected In vitro and In vivo Studies of the Most Commonly Used SOD Mimics
| Mimic | Physiopathology | Model | Common dose | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnTE-2-PyP5+ | Superoxide toxicity | SOD-deficient E. coli | 10–30 μM, s (10–20 h) | 30, 31, 241 |
| (AEOL 10113) | Stroke | Rat (MCAO model) | 150–300 ng, s | 199 |
| Alzheimer's disease | Primary mouse neuron (humanized AD mutation) | 0.1–1 ng/ml, s (3 h) | 294 | |
| Radiation injuries | Rat | 1–6 mg/kg/day, m | 123, 124 | |
| Cancer (MnP alone) | Mouse | 15 mg/kg/day, m | 259 | |
| Cancer (MnP + radiation therapy) | Mouse | 6 mg/kg/day, m | 222 | |
| Cancer (MnP + hyperthermia) | Mouse | 10 mg/kg/day, m | 159 | |
| Pain therapy: prevention of chronic morphine tolerance | Mouse | 3 mg/kg/day, m | 34, 95 | |
| Diabetes | Human islet cells; | 34 μM s (>0.5 h); | 48, 49 | |
| allotransplants; | 34 μM, s (up to 7 days) | 48, 49 | ||
| rat | 10 mg/kg, m; | 254 | ||
| 1 mg/kg/day, m | 44 | |||
| Sickle-cell disease | Mouse aortic segment | 50 μM, s (1 h) | 20 | |
| Lung injuries | Baboon | 0.5 mg/kg/day, m | 59 | |
| Osteoarthritis | Porcine cartilage explants | 25 μM, s (72 h) | 57 | |
| MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ | Superoxide toxicity | SOD-deficient E. coli | 0.3–1 μM, s (10–20 h) | 241 |
| Stroke | Rat (MCAO model) | 0.45 mg/kg/day, m | 306 | |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | G93A mouse | 0.1–0.3 mg/kg/day, m | 68, 67 | |
| Radiation injuries | Rat | 0.05–1 mg/kg/day, m | 32, 123 | |
| Pain therapy: prevention of chronic morphine tolerance | Mouse | 0.1 mg/kg/day, m | 34, 95 | |
| Renal ischemia/reperfusion injuries | Mouse | 50 μg/kg, s | 274 | |
| Ataxia telangiectasia | A-T human lymphoblastoid cells | 1 μM, s (18 h) | 255 | |
| MnTDE-2-ImP5+ | Superoxide toxicity | SOD-deficient E. coli | >30 μM, s (10–20 h) | 241 |
| (AEOL 10150) | Stroke | Rat (MCAO model) | 900 ng bolus + 56 ng/h for a week, m | 286, 288 |
| Spinal cord injury | Mouse | 2.5–5 μM | 287 | |
| Radiation injuries | Rat | 10–30 mg/kg/day, m | 257 | |
| Diabetes | Human islet cells; allotransplants | 34 μM, s (7 d) 10 mg/kg, m | 322 and refs therein | |
| EUK-8 | Stroke | Rat | 1.9 mg/k, s | 24 |
| Pressure-overload–induced heart failure | Harlequin mouse | 25 mg/kg/day, m | 324 | |
| Multiple organ failure (endotoxic shock) | Rat | 0.3–1 mg/kg/h, m | 213 | |
| ALS | G93A mouse | 33 mg/kg/day, m | 164 | |
| Diabetes | Mouse | 5–100 mg/kg/day, m | 243 | |
| Lung inflammation | Swine | 1–10 mg/kg/h, m | 141 | |
| Ischemia/reperfusion | Rat | 2 × 1 mg/kg, m | 331 | |
| EUK-134 | Stroke | Rat | 0.25 mg/kg, s | 24 |
| ALS | G93A mouse | 33 mg/kg/day, m | 164 | |
| Superoxide-induced heart-reperfusion injury | Mouse | 10 mg/kg, s | 343 | |
| EUK-189 | Prion disease | Mouse | 30 mg/kg/day, m | 51 |
| Whole-body radioprotection | Mouse | 70 mg/kg, s | 307 | |
| Cognitive deficit | Mouse | 15 μg/kg/day m | 62 | |
| M40403 | Radiation-induced mucositis | Hamster | 6–60 mg/kg/day, m | 226 |
| Septic shock | Rat | 0.25 mg/kg, s | 198 | |
| Inflammatory pain | Rat | 10 mg/kg, m | 329 | |
| Allergic asthma-like reaction | Guinea pig | 1 mg/kg, s | 207 | |
| Colitis | Rat | 5 mg/kg/day, m | 74 | |
| Chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension | Piglet artery | 3 μg/ml, s (0.3 h) | 86 | |
| Superoxide-induced heart-reperfusion injury | Mouse | 4 mg/kg, s | 343 | |
| Tempol | Hypertension | Rat | 275 mg/kg, s | 297 and refs therein |
| Whole-body radiation injury | Mouse | 275 mg/kg, s | 296 and refs therein | |
| Radiation-related hair loss | Human | 100 ml/day (of 70 mg/ml of 70% of ethanol, (topically), m | 296 and refs therein | |
| Stroke | Mouse (MCAO model) | 10 mg/kg, s | 297 and refs therein |
s, a single dose; m, multiple doses used. The time in parenthesis indicates the exposure of cells to a single dose.