FIG. 11.
The Nox-4-MCP1 axis of control for hemangioendothelioma formation. Nox-4–derived hydrogen peroxide drives MCP-1 expression, which was previously shown to be a key driver of HE formation. Nox-4–derived nuclear hydrogen peroxide, through an Fe2+-dependent mechanism, causes oxidative modification of DNA, forming 8-OHdG. 8-OHdG clears through the urine of tumor-bearing mice and may be considered a biomarker candidate. Inset: Appearance of hemangioma or hemangioendothelioma tumor in children (informed consent obtained). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).