Decreased anxiety-related behavior in NK1 −/− mice.
(a) EPM: time, percentage of entries, and number of head
dips in the open arms (mean ± SEM). −/− animals show a
significant increase in all three measures compared with +/+ and
+/− mice (n = 12–14 mice per genotype).
(b) Serum corticosterone was measured 30 min after a
10-min trial in the EPM. Bar graph represents percentage of increase in
corticosterone levels from baseline levels measured 1 day before the
EPM trial (mean ± SEM, n = 7 mice per
genotype). (c) NSF paradigm: latency to feed (mean
± SEM, n = 16 mice per genotype).
(d) USV: ultrasonic calls emitted by 8-day-old pups
during a 2-min separation from the litter (mean ± SEM,
n = 13 mice per genotype). Significant differences
between +/+ (white bars), +/− (gray bars), and −/− (black
bars) are marked by *, P < 0.05;
**, P < 0.01; or
***, P < 0.001 (unpaired
t test).