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. 2001 Jan 30;98(4):1912–1917. doi: 10.1073/pnas.041596398

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Decreased anxiety-related behavior in NK1 −/− mice. (a) EPM: time, percentage of entries, and number of head dips in the open arms (mean ± SEM). −/− animals show a significant increase in all three measures compared with +/+ and +/− mice (n = 12–14 mice per genotype). (b) Serum corticosterone was measured 30 min after a 10-min trial in the EPM. Bar graph represents percentage of increase in corticosterone levels from baseline levels measured 1 day before the EPM trial (mean ± SEM, n = 7 mice per genotype). (c) NSF paradigm: latency to feed (mean ± SEM, n = 16 mice per genotype). (d) USV: ultrasonic calls emitted by 8-day-old pups during a 2-min separation from the litter (mean ± SEM, n = 13 mice per genotype). Significant differences between +/+ (white bars), +/− (gray bars), and −/− (black bars) are marked by *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; or ***, P < 0.001 (unpaired t test).