Table 3.
Presence of focal retinal signs at baseline and incident hypertension
| No. of participants | Incident hypertension (%) | Model 1: OR (95% CI)a | Model 2: OR (95% CI)a | Model 3: OR (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retinopathy | |||||
| Present | 307 | 72 (23.5) | 1.51 (1.13, 2.03) | 1.39 (1.02, 1.89) | 1.37 (0.99, 1.89) |
| Absent | 2239 | 367 (16.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Focal arteriolar narrowing | |||||
| Present | 87 | 33 (37.9) | 2.66 (1.68, 4.22) | 2.58 (1.61, 4.11) | 1.80 (1.09, 2.97) |
| Absent | 2455 | 407 (16.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Arteriovenous nicking | |||||
| Present | 62 | 18 (29.0) | 1.56 (0.88, 2.77) | 1.51 (0.85, 2.71) | 1.20 (0.65, 2.22) |
| Absent | 2503 | 427 (17.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 3-year follow-up. Model 1: Adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Model 2: Model 1 and glucose, BMI, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, presence of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and current smoking. Model 3: Model 2 and average of past and baseline mean arterial blood pressure.
a
OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.