Table 4.
Baseline vessel measurements and secondary outcomes (progression of hypertension, regression of hypertension, and controlled hypertension)
| Cumulative incidence (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progression of hypertension (n=5373)a | ||||
| Narrower CRAE (1Q vs. 4Q) | 152 (11.2)/112 (8.5) | 1.37 (1.05, 1.78) | 1.52 (1.13, 2.05) | 1.49 (1.09, 2.02) |
| Wider CRVE (4Q vs. 1Q) | 125 (9.3)/116 (8.5) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.52) | 1.47 (1.07, 2.03) | 1.46 (1.06, 2.02) |
| Regression of hypertension (n=2369)b | ||||
| Wider CRAE (4Q vs. 1Q) | 157 (22.9)/120 (25.8) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.19) | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) | 1.49 (1.06, 2.09) |
| Narrower CRVE (1Q vs. 4Q) | 136 (23.7)/112 (20.1) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.64) | 1.22 (0.86, 1.73) | 1.37 (0.96, 1.95) |
| Controlled hypertension (n=2376)c | ||||
| Wider CRAE (4Q vs. 1Q) | 39 (8.2)/37 (5.2) | 1.64 (1.02, 2.63) | 1.92 (1.12, 3.29) | 1.45 (0.83, 2.53) |
| Narrower CRVE (1Q vs. 4Q) | 38 (6.0)/36 (5.9) | 1.02 (0.62, 1.67) | 1.40 (0.80, 2.47) | 1.34 (0.75, 2.36) |
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 3-year follow-up. Model 1: Adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Model 2: Model 1 and glucose, BMI, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, presence of diabetes, current smoking, and CRAE for CRVE or CRVE for CRAE. Model 3: Model 2 and average of past and baseline mean arterial blood pressure CRAE, central retinal artery equivalent; CRVE, central retinal vein equivalent; 1Q–4Q, lowest to highest quartiles.
Defined as having two-step or more increase in the stage at follow-up compared with baseline in hypertension stage of normal, prehypertension, stage I hypertension, and stage II hypertension or introduction of an antihypertensive medication.
Defined as having hypertension stage I or II at baseline and having systolic blood pressure decreased at least 10 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure decreased at least 5mmHg between visit 2 and visit 4, without any use of antihypertensive medication at any visits.
Defined as having hypertension stage I or II at baseline and having normal or prehypertension at follow-up visit with antihypertensive treatment.