Table 1.
Factor Loadings of Items on the Three Factors Extracted in Exploratory Factor Analyses in Study 1.
| Prosociality Factor | Prosociality | Negative Emotionality |
Daring |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cares about others' feelings | .66 | ||
| Concerned about others when they are hurt | .64 | ||
| Spontaneously helps others | .63 | ||
| Cheers up others | .60 | ||
| Feels sorry for kids who get picked on | .58 | ||
| Concerned about right and wrong | .53 | ||
| Wants everyone to follow the rules | .53 | ||
| Would feel guilty if broke a law | .46 | ||
| Would be upset if saw an animal get hurt | .44 | ||
| Spontaneously shares | .43 | ||
| Enjoys learning interesting things | .43 | ||
| Tries to do excellent work | .43 | ||
| Cautious | .41 | −.34 | |
| Negative Emotionality Factor | |||
| Gets upset easily | .70 | ||
| Reacts intensely | .61 | ||
| Moods change unpredictably | .56 | ||
| Emotional | .56 | ||
| Blows things out of proportion | .52 | ||
| Enjoys disobeying adults | −.32 | .47 | |
| Selfish | −.32 | .44 | |
| Jealous | .44 | ||
| Gets bored easily | .44 | ||
| Easily embarrassed | .42 | ||
| Calm and easy-going (inverse) | −.43 | ||
| Daring Factor | |||
| Daring and adventurous | .66 | ||
| Enjoys risky and dangerous things | .57 | ||
| Likes rough games and sports | .51 | ||
| Likes things that are exciting and loud | .43 | ||
| Brave | .40 |
Note: All items with factor loadings of ≥.40 on at least one factor are shown. Items with no loadings ≥.40: friendly; afraid of children who like to fight; enjoys other people saying did a good job; reacts with little or no emotion to both positive and negative things; keeps true feelings to self; likes to scare other children; thinks it would be fun to watch dogs fight; thinks it's funny when other children are upset; likes TV, movies, comics, or electronic games with a lot of violence in them; enjoys bothering or hurting other children; likes for things to stay the same, smooth and charming when trying to get own way, more interested in sex than other children of same age, would be bothered if had no close friend, likes meeting new children, curious, enjoys being with other children of same age, and avoids situations where might get hurt.