. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Nov 4;20(6):559–569. doi: 10.1038/jes.2009.54

Table 2.

Summary of 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos measurement results from the AHS Pesticide Exposure Study in Iowa and North Carolina

	2,4-D			Chlorpyrifos
Measurement^a	N	GM (GSD)	Range	N	GM (GSD)	Range
PRECONC (μg/L)	68	7.8 (4.7)	ND^b - 210	15	11 (2.9)^c	2.1 – 63
PSTCONC (μg/L)	68	25 (4.1)	1.6 - 970	16	11 (2.3)^c	2.5 – 80
PRERATE (μg/h)	60	0.29 (4.9)	ND - 12	14	0.52 (2.4)^c	0.10 – 2.0
PSTRATE (μg/h)	59	1.3 (4.0)	0.07 - 22	15	0.44 (1.8)^c	0.18 – 1.6
HAND (mg)	68	0.39 (9.2)	ND - 22	17	0.02^d	ND – 0.93
BODY (mg)	69	2.9 (12)	0.02 - 880	17	0.28 (5.1)	ND – 5.8
AIR (μg/m³)	68	0.37 (5.8)	ND - 10	17	0.49 (3.0)	0.05 – 2.0

PRECONC = pre-application concentration in urine, PSTCONC = post-application concentration in urine, PRERATE = pre-application urinary excretion rate, PSTRATE = post-application urinary excretion rate, HAND = estimated hand loading, BODY = estimated body loading not including hands, AIR = personal air concentration

ND = target analyte was not detected

For chlorpyrifos, the urinary biomarker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) was measured

Median value; 47% of measurements were non-detects