Table 2.
Hazard ratios for selected cancers, by intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days to terbufos among Agricultural Health Study pesticide applicators (1993-1997)
| Non-exposed Referent |
Low Exposed Referent |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n) | HR*,† | 95% CI* | HR | 95% CI | |
| Intensity-weighted Life-time Exposure days‡ | |||||
| All Cancers | |||||
| 0 | 1,777 | 1.0 | Ref.* | ||
| >0-107 | 319 | 1.05 | (0.92-1.19) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 360 | 1.26 | (1.12-1.43) | 1.22 | (1.05-1.42) |
| >352 | 346 | 1.21 | (1.06-1.37) | 1.18 | (1.01-1.37) |
| Trend§ | 0.004 | 0.19 | |||
| Prostate Cancer | |||||
| 0 | 684 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 151 | 1.19 | (0.99-1.44) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 152 | 1.28 | (1.06-1.55) | 1.09 | (0.87-1.37) |
| >352 | 144 | 1.21 | (0.99-1.47) | 1.02 | (0.81-1.29) |
| Trend§ | 0.12 | 0.93 | |||
| Lung Cancer | |||||
| 0 | 180 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 17 | 0.79 | (0.47-1.33) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 30 | 1.45 | (0.95-2.22) | 1.83 | (1.00-3.33) |
| >352 | 24 | 1.13 | (0.71-1.79) | 1.36 | (0.72-2.56) |
| Trend§ | 0.47 | 0.85 | |||
| Colon Cancer | |||||
| 0 | 135 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 21 | 0.94 | (0.52-1.36) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 15 | 0.63 | (0.36-1.11) | 0.77 | (0.40-1.50) |
| >352 | 32 | 1.39 | (0.91-2.13) | 1.77 | (1.01-3.10) |
| Trend§ | 0.08 | 0.009 | |||
| Bladder Cancer | |||||
| 0 | 88 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 12 | 0.86 | (0.46-1.63) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 12 | 0.94 | (0.49-1.78) | 1.19 | (0.53-2.67) |
| >352 | 12 | 0.95 | (0.50-1.83) | 1.20 | (0.52-2.74) |
| Trend§ | 0.94 | 0.74 | |||
| Lymphatic-hematopoietic Cancers | |||||
| 0 | 167 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 31 | 1.05 | (0.70-1.58) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 50 | 1.85 | (1.31-2.62) | 1.75 | (1.12-2.75) |
| >352 | 33 | 1.25 | (0.83-1.87) | 1.21 | (0.74-1.99) |
| Trend§ | 0.27 | 0.92 | |||
| Leukemia | |||||
| 0 | 58 | 1.0 | Ref | ||
| >0-107 | 7 | 0.75 | (0.33-1.69) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 20 | 2.38 | (1.35-4.21) | 3.13 | (1.32-7.43) |
| >352 | 11 | 1.37 | (0.69-2.75) | 1.82 | (0.7-4.74) |
| Trend§ | 0.28 | 0.83 | |||
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | |||||
| 0 | 69 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 17 | 1.28 | (0.73-2.26) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 24 | 1.94 | (1.16-3.22) | 1.50 | (0.80-2.79) |
| >352 | 15 | 1.22 | (0.67-2.22) | 0.96 | (0.48-1.94) |
| Trend§ | 0.62 | 0.55 | |||
| Oral Cavity Cancer | |||||
| 0 | 45 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 9 | 1.22 | (0.57-2.61) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 7 | 1.04 | (0.45-2.41) | 0.88 | (0.33-2.36) |
| >352 | 10 | 1.45 | (0.69-3.05) | 1.26 | (0.50-3.15) |
| Trend§ | 0.37 | 0.51 | |||
| Kidney Cancer | |||||
| 0 | 47 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 11 | 1.31 | (0.66-2.63) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 12 | 1.59 | (0.810-3.15) | 1.18 | (0.52-2.69) |
| >352 | 5 | 0.68 | (0.26-1.78) | 0.48 | (0.17-1.40) |
| Trend§ | 0.42 | 0.12 | |||
| Melanoma | |||||
| 0 | 77 | 1.0 | Ref. | ||
| >0-107 | 14 | 1.00 | (0.55-1.83) | 1.0 | Ref. |
| >107-352 | 17 | 1.29 | (0.73-2.28) | 1.25 | (0.61-2.54) |
| >352 | 12 | 0.88 | (0.46-1.68) | 0.86 | (0.39-1.87) |
| Trend§ | 0.71 | 0.50 | |||
*
RR, CI, confidence interval; Ref., reference group
†
Hazard ratio adjusted for age, gender, education, family history of cancer, smoking, alcohol, year of enrollment, state of residence, atrazine, 2,4-D, fonofos, carbofuran, and phorate
‡
Intensity-weighted Lifetime exposure days = years of use × day of use per year × intensity score
§
p-value for trend test.