Table 2.
Association of dietary vitamin D (IU/1,000 kcal/day) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma by ethnicity and NHL subgroup in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993-2003.
| Ethnicity | Men (N† = 514) |
Women (N† =425) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | N† | HR (95% CI)‡ | Category | N† | HR (95% CI)‡ | |
| Overall | < 54 | 155 | 1.00 | < 62 | 129 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 939) | 54 - 152 | 173 | 1.01 (0.81-1.26) | 63 – 198 | 146 | 1.00 (0.78-1.27) |
| ≥ 153 | 186 | 1.04 (0.83-1.29) | ≥ 199 | 150 | 0.98 (0.77-1.24) | |
| P trend | 0.72 | P trend | 0.83 | |||
| Ethnicities | ||||||
| Caucasian | < 54 | 36 | 1.00 | < 62 | 19 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 270) | 54 - 152 | 50 | 0.94 (0.61-1.46) | 63 – 198 | 46 | 1.58 (0.92-2.70) |
| ≥ 153 | 62 | 0.97 (0.63-1.49) | ≥ 199 | 57 | 1.46 (0.87-2.47) | |
| P trend | 1.00 | P trend | 0.48 | |||
| African American | < 54 | 31 | 1.00 | < 62 | 37 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 156) | 54 - 152 | 23 | 0.67 (0.39-1.16) | 63 – 198 | 26 | 0.72 (0.43-1.20) |
| ≥ 153 | 22 | 0.68 (0.39-1.19) | ≥ 199 | 17 | 0.50 (0.28-0.90) | |
| P trend | 0.31 | P trend | 0.03 | |||
| Native Hawaiian | < 54 | 11 | 1.00 | < 62 | 12 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 59) | 54 - 152 | 13 | 0.92 (0.41-2.07) | 63 – 198 | 10 | 0.60 (0.25-1.43) |
| ≥ 153 | 7 | 0.86 (0.33-2.25) | ≥ 199 | 6 | 0.62 (0.23-1.68) | |
| P trend | 0.79 | P trend | 0.47 | |||
| Japanese American | < 54 | 44 | 1.00 | < 62 | 31 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 242) | 54 - 152 | 43 | 1.07 (0.70-1.64) | 63 – 198 | 31 | 1.14 (0.69-1.88) |
| ≥ 153 | 55 | 1.07 (0.72-1.60) | ≥ 199 | 38 | 0.97 (0.60-1.57) | |
| P trend | 0.8 | P trend | 0.73 | |||
| Latino | < 54 | 33 | 1.00 | < 62 | 30 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 212) | 54 - 152 | 44 | 1.34 (0.84-2.13) | 63 – 198 | 33 | 0.97 (0.59-1.61) |
| ≥ 153 | 40 | 1.47 (0.91-2.37) | ≥ 199 | 32 | 1.39 (0.84-2.31) | |
| P trend | 0.18 | P trend | 0.14 | |||
| NHL subgroups | ||||||
| DLBCL | < 54 | 56 | 1.00 | < 62 | 35 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 311) | 54 - 152 | 58 | 0.95 (0.61-1.48) | 63 – 198 | 44 | 0.73 (0.42-1.26) |
| ≥ 153 | 54 | 1.26 (0.82-1.93) | ≥ 199 | 64 | 0.81 (0.49-1.35) | |
| P trend | 0.23 | P trend | 0.79 | |||
| FL | < 54 | 16 | 1.00 | < 62 | 26 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 152) | 54 - 152 | 20 | 1.65 (0.58-4.70) | 63 – 198 | 36 | 0.73 (0.37-1.43) |
| ≥ 153 | 25 | 0.75 (0.28-1.96) | ≥ 199 | 29 | 0.64 (0.29-1.41) | |
| P trend | 0.18 | P trend | 0.38 | |||
| SLL/CLL | < 54 | 32 | 1.00 | < 62 | 22 | 1.00 |
| (N† = 198) | 54 - 152 | 47 | 1.05 (0.57-1.93) | 63 – 198 | 29 | 0.55 (0.24-1.23) |
| ≥ 153 | 42 | 1.00 (0.56-1.81) | ≥ 199 | 26 | 0.68 (0.30-1.56) | |
| P trend | 0.93 | P trend | 0.90 | |||
†
Number of NHL cases. May not add up to total (N = 939) due to missing values.
‡
Hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for education (≥12 vs. <12 years), BMI (overweight (25.0-29.9), obese (≥30.0) vs. normal (<25.0)), alcohol intake (<1.0, 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, and ≥3 vs. 0 servings/day), and total energy (log transformed). For the overall category, they were also adjusted for ethnicity (African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, and Latino vs. Caucasian).