Table 3.
Published Reports of Non-Stimulant Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children
| Authors | Age Range (Mean ± SD) | N/n < 6 years | Procedure for Eligibility | Diagnostic Medication/Dose | Study Design/Duration | Outcome Assessment (for ADHD and disruptive behavior) | Study Outcome | Side Effects/Safety |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campbell et al., 1995 | 3 years | 1/1 | Clinical interview | Fluoxetine 10 mg qd | Open-label/6 weeks | Clinical assessment | Improved attention even-tempered, ↓ aggression | No significant side effects |
| Cesena et al., 19951 | 56 months (4.8 years) | 1/1 | Clinical interview | Clonidine 0.025 mg tid | Open-label/5 months | ASQ, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) ADHD | Normalization of hyperactivity & attention on teacher ASQ, improved sleep | Sedation early in treatment, was resolved later in the course of treatment |
| Lee, 1997 | 31–42 months | 4/4 | Clinical interview, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/2/3, Connors' Rating Scale-Parent (CRS-P) | Guanfacine 0.25 mg bid-1.25 mg/day | Open-label/2–6 months | Clinical assessment | ↓ impulsive hyperactive and aggressive behavior, ↓ tantrums, improved mother-child relations | Sedation and transient benign chest pain |
| Kratchovil et al., 2007 | 5–6 years (6.1 ± 0.58 years) | 22/10 | Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-4 (DISC-4), clinical interview, ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) | Atomoxetine 10–45 mg/day qd or bid | Open-label/8 weeks | ADHD-RS, CGI | Improved ADHD-RS scores and CGI | Mood lability, reduced appetite, weight loss (mean = 1.04 ± 0.8 kg) |
1
Child's ADHD symptoms were seen as manifestation of HIV encephalopathy.
ADHD = attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.