Table 8.

Published Studies of Alternative Treatments in Preschool Children with Attention-Deficity/Hyperactivity Disorder: Nutritional Support

Authors	Age in years (Mean age ± SD) in years	N/n < 6 years	Procedure for ADHD Diagnosis; Inclusion Criteria	Type of Intervention	Study Design/Duration	Outcome Assessment (for ADHD and disruptive behaviors)	Study Outcome
Konofal et al., 2005	3	1/1	Clinical diagnosis, parent and teacher Conners' Rating Scale: DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, low serum ferritin level	Iron supplementation (ferrous sulphate 80 mg/day)	Case report/8 months	Parent and teacher Conners' Rating Scale	Parent and teacher reports of improvement in impulsivity, hyperactivity and behavior with ferrous sulphate treatment
Konofal et al., 2008	5–8 (6.05 ± 1.05)	23/n < 6 not specified	Clinical diagnosis; DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, normal hemoglobin level, serum ferritin level <30 ng/ml,	Iron supplementation (ferrous sulphate 80 mg/day)	Double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel groups (ferrous sulphate, placebo)/12 weeks	Parent and teacher Conners' Rating Scale, ADHD Rating Scale (RS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI)	Significant decrease in ADHD-RS and CGI-Severity ratings with ferrous sulphate compared to placebo. Improvement on parent and teacher Conners' Rating Scale with with ferrous sulphate compared to placebo was significant at the trend level (p = 0.076)

ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.