Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Randomized Patients
| Clozapinea(n = 14) | Olanzapineb(n = 19) | Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 5/9 | 11/8 | χ2 = 1.58, p = 0.21 |
| Age at trial entry (years) | 15.3 (2.3) | 15.6 (1.7) | t = 0.46, p = 0.65 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 1 | 5 | χ2 = 5.51, p = 0.24 |
| African-American | 5 | 9 | |
| Hispanic | 4 | 4 | |
| Asian | 2 | 0 | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | |
| Parental SEs (high/low)c | 6/8 | 13/6 | χ2 = 2.2, p = 0.14 |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Schizophrenia | 8 | 12 | χ2 = 0.12, p = 0.73 |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 6 | 7 | |
| Total months of hospitalization at trial entry | 13.1 (15.2) | 12.6 (11) | t = 0.10, p = 0.92 |
| Median number of antipsychotic trials (range) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | χ2 = 3.3, p = 0.50 |
| Full-scale IQd | 78.1 (16.3) | 76.6 (9.7) | t = 0.98, p = 0.34 |
All qualitative data are presented as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated.
Two patients were switched to another antipsychotic from clozapine during the open-label extension phase (i.e., aripiprazole = 1, ziprasidone = 1) due to metabolic problems.
Ten patients were switched from clozapine to risperidone during the open-label extension phase due to lack of therapeutic efficacy or problematic side effects. An additional patient was switched from olanzapine to risperidone during the open-label extension phase due to lack of therapeutic efficacy.
Hollingshead-Redlich Scale (Hollingshead and Redlich, 1958) (High = Levels 1–3, Low = 4,5).
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (The Psychological Corporation, 1999).
SES = socioeconomic status; IQ = intelligence quotient.