Table 1.
Perinatal Adverse Events in Children with OCD and Control Subjects
| OCD probands N (%) | Matched controls N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| PRENATAL COMPLICATIONS | 98 (78) | 39 (80) |
| Complications of pregnancy | 89 (71) | 38 (78) |
| Spotting/light bleeding | 14 (12) | 11 (22) |
| Heavy bleeding requiring bed rest | 3 (2) | 1 (2) |
| Excessive nausea/vomiting >3 months | 17 (14) | 8 (16) |
| Weight gain >25 lbs | 66 (54) | 26 (53) |
| Weight loss >10 lb | 4 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Infection requiring medical attention | 14 (11) | 3 (6) |
| High blood pressure and/or excessive fluid in body | 16 (13) | 6 (12) |
| Maternal convulsions (not due to previous epilepsy) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Prenatal complications not directly related to pregnancy | 48 (39) | 8 (16) |
| Accidents requiring medical care | 4 (3) | 1 (2) |
| Other illnesses requiring medical care | 24 (20) | 1 (2) |
| Emotional problems for which mother sought counseling | 9 (7) | 1 (2) |
| MEDICATIONS/DRUGS TAKEN DURING PREGNANCY | 56 (45) | 13 (27) |
| Prescribed medications | 38 (31) | 11 (22) |
| Smoke > or = 3 months | 5 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Alcohol consumption daily or binges | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Drugs not prescribed by an M.D. | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) |
| LABOR, DELIVERY, AND NEONATAL | 97 (77) | 30 (61) |
| Complications of labor | 91 (72) | 28 (57) |
| Breech delivery | 8 (6) | 2 (4) |
| Cesarean delivery | 36 (29) | 11 (22) |
| Other birth difficulties (post-term, prolonged labor, jaundice requiring phototherapy) | 76 (62) | 19 (39) |
| Postnatal complications | 31 (25) | 7 (14) |
| Incubator post-birth | 10 (8) | 5 (10) |
| Low birth weight <5 lbs | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) |
| Infant remained in hospital after mother went home | 9 (7) | 2 (4) |
| Infant had surgery in first month of life | 4 (3) | 1 (2) |
| Switched milk formulas > or = 3 times | 18 (15) | 0 (0) |
| EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS | 9 (71) | 8 (16) |
| Excessive crying (infant cried day and night, never satisfied) | 23 (19) | 6 (12) |
| Infant too quiet (did not seem to respond to care/attention) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) |
| Infant stiffened up when help or seemed to push away | 4 (3) | 2 (4) |
| Infant floppy or limp when help or did not cuddle | 4 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Other infant events (e.g. infection during infancy) | 27 (22) | 0 (0) |
Percentages for probands vary due to differences in denominator data; range 122–126 for probands; 49 controls.