Figure 4.

Phosphorylation of Thr-172 on AMPK-α in WT or RG Cells in Response to Various Agents

Cells were incubated in duplicate for 1 hr (except metformin, 16 hr) with the indicated agent at the following concentrations: oligomycin (1 μM), DNP (100 μM), 2-deoxyglucose (30 mM), AICAR (3 mM), hydrogen peroxide (1 mM), sorbitol (1.5 M), A23187 (3 μM), A769662 (300 μM), metformin (3 mM), phenformin (3 mM), galegine (100 μM), troglitazone (100 μM), phenobarbital (3 mM), quercetin (100 μM), resveratrol (300 μM), and berberine (100 μM).