Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in overall cohort and across quintiles of BioE2
| Characteristics | Baseline BioE2
|
P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 1238) | Quintile 1 (n = 247) | Quintile 2 (n = 248) | Quintile 3 (n = 247) | Quintile 4 (n = 248) | Quintile 5 (n = 248) | ||
| Age (yr), mean ± sd | 73.5 ± 5.8 | 74.1 ± 5.9 | 73.4 ± 5.8 | 73.6 ± 6.0 | 73.2 ± 5.6 | 73.3 ± 5.6 | 0.40 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
| Caucasian | 1117 (90.2) | 225 (91.1) | 223 (89.9) | 223 (90.3) | 222 (89.5) | 224 (90.3) | 0.76 |
| African-American | 46 (3.7) | 8 (3.2) | 8 (3.2) | 10 (4.1) | 7 (2.8) | 13 (5.2) | |
| Asian/Hispanic/Other | 75 (6.1) | 14 (5.7) | 17 (6.9) | 14 (5.7) | 19 (7.7) | 11 (4.4) | |
| Weight (kg), mean ± sd | 83.8 ± 13.0 | 81.6 ± 13.0 | 83.9 ± 12.4 | 82.8 ± 12.7 | 84.2 ± 13.6 | 86.4 ± 13.1 | 0.0009 |
| Height (cm), mean ± sd | 174.4 ± 6.9 | 174.4 ± 7.2 | 174.7 ± 6.7 | 174.2 ± 7.5 | 174.7 ± 6.7 | 174.2 ± 6.6 | 0.80 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± sd | 27.5 ± 3.7 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | 27.4 ± 3.5 | 27.3 ± 3.4 | 27.5 ± 3.8 | 28.5 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 |
| Height loss since age 25 (cm), mean ± sd | 3.6 ± 3.0 | 3.8 ± 3.6 | 3.8 ± 3.4 | 3.6 ± 2.7 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 3.5 ± 2.8 | 0.69 |
| Excellent, good self-reported health, n (%) | 1058 (85.5) | 207 (83.8) | 212 (85.8) | 206 (83.4) | 215 (86.7) | 218 (87.9) | 0.57 |
| PASE score, mean ± sd | 147.4 ± 68.3 | 144.7 ± 69.1 | 151.9 ± 69.1 | 145.5 ± 71.2 | 152.5 ± 71.1 | 142.1 ± 60.3 | 0.34 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.009 | ||||||
| Never | 450 (36.4) | 76 (30.8) | 94 (37.9) | 73 (29.6) | 98 (39.5) | 109 (44.0) | |
| Past | 735 (59.4) | 155 (62.7) | 141 (56.9) | 164 (66.4) | 143 (57.7) | 132 (53.2) | |
| Current | 53 (4.3) | 16 (6.5) | 13 (5.2) | 10 (4.1) | 7 (2.8) | 7 (2.8) | |
| Alcohol (no. drinks/wk), mean ± sd | 4.6 ± 7.3 | 3.9 ± 6.8 | 4.2 ± 6.3 | 5.6 ± 8.7 | 4.8 ± 7.5 | 4.6 ± 7.0 | 0.12 |
| Dietary calcium intake (mg/d), mean ± sd | 794.5 ± 385.7 | 799.9 ± 386.7 | 786.7 ± 397.8 | 780.0 ± 370.7 | 804.9 ± 370.0 | 801.0 ± 404.6 | 0.95 |
| History of any fracture after age 50, n (%) | 270 (21.9) | 62 (25.1) | 57 (23.1) | 47 (19.1) | 57 (23.2) | 47 (19.0) | 0.38 |
| Maternal history of fracture, n (%) | 264 (21.3) | 53 (21.5) | 57 (23.0) | 55 (22.3) | 56 (22.6) | 43 (17.3) | 0.54 |
| Average grip strength (kg), mean ± sd | 38.8 ± 7.7 | 37.2 ± 7.7 | 39.4 ± 7.8 | 38.9 ± 7.3 | 39.4 ± 7.9 | 39.0 ± 7.9 | 0.009 |
| History of COPD, n (%) | 135 (10.9) | 28 (11.3) | 35 (14.1) | 21 (8.5) | 25 (10.1) | 26 (10.5) | 0.36 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 198 (16.0) | 40 (16.3) | 37 (14.9) | 34 (13.8) | 38 (15.4) | 49 (19.8) | 0.44 |
| History of kidney stones, n (%) | 169 (13.7) | 25 (10.1) | 36 (14.5) | 32 (13.0) | 42 (16.9) | 34 (13.7) | 0.27 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 551 (44.5) | 93 (37.7) | 106 (42.7) | 123 (49.8) | 100 (40.3) | 129 (52.0) | 0.004 |
| History of prostate cancer, n (%) | 67 (5.4) | 12 (4.9) | 12 (4.8) | 20 (8.1) | 11 (4.4) | 12 (4.8) | 0.35 |
| History of osteoarthritis, n (%) | 247 (20.0) | 42 (17.0) | 47 (19.0) | 51 (20.7) | 53 (21.4) | 54 (21.8) | 0.66 |
| Total estradiol (pg/ml), mean ± sd | 22.8 ± 7.4 | 14.3 ± 3.4 | 18.9 ± 3.0 | 22.4 ± 3.3 | 25.8 ± 4.3 | 32.5 ± 5.8 | <0.0001 |
| Total estradiol (pmol/liter), mean ± sd | 83.6 ± 27.3 | 52.3 ± 12.6 | 69.4 ± 11.1 | 82.1 ± 12.0 | 94.6 ± 15.7 | 119.4 ± 21.4 | <0.0001 |
| BioE2 (pg/ml), mean ± sd | 14.6 ± 4.6 | 8.8 ± 1.8 | 12.0 ± 0.7 | 14.2 ± 0.6 | 16.4 ± 0.7 | 21.3 ± 3.4 | <0.0001 |
| BioE2 (pmol/liter), mean ± sd | 53.4 ± 16.8 | 32.4 ± 6.6 | 44.2 ± 2.4 | 52.0 ± 2.3 | 60.2 ± 2.7 | 78.2 ± 12.5 | <0.0001 |
| Estrone (pg/ml), mean ± sd | 35.5 ± 12.3 | 23.7 ± 7.9 | 29.0 ± 8.1 | 33.6 ± 10.1 | 37.5 ± 10.7 | 43.6 ± 13.2 | <0.0001 |
| Estrone (pmol/liter), mean ± sd | 123.9 ± 45.4 | 87.6 ± 29.1 | 107.3 ± 30.1 | 124.4 ± 37.3 | 138.6 ± 39.5 | 161.4 ± 48.9 | <0.0001 |
| Total testosterone (ng/dl), mean ± sd | 409.3 ± 155.9 | 351.6 ± 133.7 | 391.9 ± 150.8 | 419.5 ± 142.7 | 431.6 ± 172.6 | 451.9 ± 158.1 | <0.0001 |
| Total testosterone (nmol/liter), mean ± sd | 14.2 ± 5.4 | 12.2 ± 4.6 | 13.6 ± 5.2 | 14.5 ± 5.0 | 15.0 ± 6.0 | 15.7 ± 5.5 | <0.0001 |
| BioT (ng/dl), mean ± sd | 206.4 ± 62.5 | 169.5 ± 53.9 | 196.2 ± 55.5 | 210.8 ± 54.5 | 217.5 ± 60.1 | 237.9 ± 66.4 | <0.0001 |
| BioT (nmol/liter), mean ± sd | 7.2 ± 2.2 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| SHBG (nmol/liter) mean ± sd | 49.4 ± 19.3 | 53.0 ± 20.1 | 49.0 ± 19.7 | 49.9 ± 19.2 | 49.2 ± 20.9 | 46.0 ± 15.5 | 0.002 |
Quintile cutoff points were as follows: quintile 1, <39.69 pmol/liter; quintile 2, 39.69–48.14 pmol/liter; quintile 3, 48.14–55.97 pmol/liter; quintile 4, 55.97–65.98 pmol/liter; quintile 5, ≥65.98 pmol/liter. P values are from ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for skewed continuous variables. P values for categorical data are from a χ2 test for homogeneity. COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.