Figure 1.

Expression of ER-α and ER-β in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (A) and attenuation by resveratrol (Resv; 5 μmol/liter) of the concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of estradiol (1–100 nmol/liter) on 2.5% serum (FCS)-induced DNA synthesis (B), [³H]proline incorporation (C), and cell proliferation (D) in human VSMCs. Values represent mean ± sem from at least four independent experiments, each conducted in triplicate. *, P < 0.05 vs. control cells treated with FCS alone; §, significant reversal of the inhibitory effects of estradiol.