Figure 1.

Distribution and phylogenetic relationships of V. bitatawa, n. sp. and its closest relative, V. olivaceus. Arrows indicate three river valleys constituting the Mid-Sierra Filter Zone (black lines bisecting the Sierra Madre). The phylogenetic tree is derived from a combined, partitioned, RAxML ML analysis of mitochondrial (16S–ND1) and nuclear (PRLR, DNAH3, SNCAIP) genes (−ln L 7336.421498). Filled triangles, bitatawa; filled diamonds, bitatawa (previous photographic records); filled circles, olivaceus (this study); filled squares, olivaceus (Affenberg 1988).