Table 2.
Relation of Various Characteristics of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort to Early and Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Controlling for Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Study Site
| Inflammatory Markers | Presence of Early AMD |
Presence of Late AMD |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P-Value | OR | 95% CI | P-Value | |
| High sensitivity CRP/1.20 ln units | 0.99 | 0.85–1.15 | 0.88 | 1.46 | 0.94–2.27 | 0.09 |
| IL-6/0.66 ln units | 1.01 | 0.87–1.17 | 0.90 | 1.50 | 0.99–2.28 | 0.06 |
| IL-2/0.37 ln units | 1.02 | 0.71–1.46 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.28–4.01 | 0.93 |
| TNF-α/0.26 ln units | 1.11 | 0.77–1.62 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.11–2.60 | 0.44 |
| Chlamydia pneumonia (positive vs negative) | 1.25 | 0.89–1.76 | 0.20 | 0.51 | 0.21–1.23 | 0.13 |
| Fibrinogen/73 mg/dL | 1.04 | 0.90–1.20 | 0.58 | 1.33 | 0.89–1.99 | 0.17 |
| Homocysteine/0.3 ln units | 1.10 | 0.96–1.27 | 0.18 | 1.23 | 0.83–1.82 | 0.31 |
| Arthritis history (present vs absent) | 1.14 | 0.85–1.53 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.39–1.98 | 0.76 |
| Gum disease history (present vs absent) | 1.32 | 0.98–1.79 | 0.07 | 1.49 | 0.63–3.50 | 0.36 |
| Hepatitis history (present vs absent) | 1.44 | 0.74–2.82 | 0.29 | CNE | ||
| Emphysema history (present vs absent) | 1.09 | 0.43–2.80 | 0.85 | 1.95 | 0.43–8.91 | 0.39 |
| Aspirin (≥3 days/wk vs <3 days/wk) | 1.10 | 0.79–1.52 | 0.58 | 1.47 | 0.65–3.37 | 0.36 |
| NSAID use (present vs absent) | 1.18 | 0.81–1.72 | 0.39 | 1.92 | 0.69–5.37 | 0.21 |
| COX 2 inhibitor use (present vs absent) | 1.49 | 0.95–2.33 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.05–2.59 | 0.30 |
| Oral steroid use (present vs absent) | 2.15 | 0.90–5.14 | 0.09 | CNE | ||
CI = confidence interval; CNE = cannot estimate; COX = cyclooxygenase; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL = interleukin; ln = natural log; NSAID = nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; OR = odds ratio; TNF = tumor necrosis factor.