Table 1.
Means and proportions of baseline characteristics by red meat quintiles (g/1000kcal) (n=300,933).
| Quintiles of red meat (mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | 1 (8.9) |
2 (20.8) |
3 (30.8) |
4 (42.3) |
5 (66.5) |
| Age (mean, years) | 63.1 | 63.1 | 63.0 | 62.8 | 62.2 |
| Education, college graduate or post graduate (%) | 46.7 | 41.7 | 40.6 | 39.0 | 37.3 |
| Race (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 89.0 | 92.1 | 93.1 | 94.2 | 94.4 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 5.2 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
| Hispanic | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Asian | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaskan Native | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
| Body mass index (mean, kg/m2) | 25.6 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 27.4 | 28.2 |
| Smoking history (%) | |||||
| Never smoker | 41.2 | 38.4 | 35.9 | 33.8 | 30.8 |
| Former smoker | 47.6 | 47.6 | 48.3 | 48.5 | 48.9 |
| Current smoker or quit <1 year ago | 7.7 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 14.4 | 17.1 |
| Vigorous physical activity, >5 times per week (%) | 27.7 | 21.3 | 18.6 | 17.1 | 15.8 |
| Dietary variables (mean) | |||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1685 | 1741 | 1812 | 1879 | 1978 |
| Beverages* (mL/day) | 1883 | 1967 | 1978 | 1960 | 1947 |
| Fruit (cup equivalents/1000kcal) | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
| Vegetables (cup equivalents/1000kcal) | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Dietary vitamin E (mg/1000kcal) | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
| Supplemental vitamin E (mg/day) | 97.4 | 79.7 | 70.5 | 63.4 | 56.9 |
| Dietary vitamin C (mg/1000kcal) | 120.6 | 100.0 | 89.8 | 80.9 | 69.6 |
| Supplemental vitamin C (mg/day) | 428.6 | 339.0 | 297.9 | 263.8 | 243.9 |
*
Sum of beer, coffee, juice, liquor, milk, soda, tea, and wine.