Table 1.
Fos protein expression induced by exposure to a cocaine-predictive stimulus vs. self-administration of cocaine
| Brain Regions | Cue
exposure: immediate test
|
Cue exposure: 4-month
delay
|
Self-administration
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S− | S+ | S+ plus SCH39166 | S− | S+ | S+ plus SCH39166 | Saline | Cocaine (acute) | Cocaine (chronic) | |
| Medial prefrontal | |||||||||
| cortex* | 72.7 ± 22.3 | 156.2 ± 24.2‡ | 87.0 ± 13.6§ | 90.6 ± 8.0 | 155.6 ± 15.9‡ | 103.7 ± 12.4§ | 69.5 ± 23.1 | 178.3 ± 24.0† | 131.8 ± 22.9 |
| Frontal cortex | 15.7 ± 4.4 | 9.7 ± 3.5 | 14.7 ± 2.5 | 21.6 ± 6.3 | 30.8 ± 11.2 | 13.5 ± 2.4 | 44.8 ± 25.8 | 121.7 ± 34.0 | 72.2 ± 24.6 |
| Parietal cortex | 56.1 ± 25.7 | 19.0 ± 5.5 | 13.7 ± 4.5 | 35.1 ± 13.0 | 58.6 ± 9.2 | 26.5 ± 11.0 | 42.6 ± 18.2 | 69.7 ± 14.2 | 77.0 ± 18.2 |
| Agranular cortex | 53.2 ± 21.9 | 23.7 ± 2.3 | 14.0 ± 3.3 | 45.0 ± 13.7 | 61.8 ± 17.8 | 49.5 ± 12.1 | 35.0 ± 11.3 | 90.7 ± 8.2 | 122.4 ± 36.0† |
| Claustrum | 65.7 ± 28.1 | 99.5 ± 24.6 | 62.2 ± 12.0 | 51.8 ± 12.4 | 78.8 ± 19.4 | 52.0 ± 14.2 | 150.0 ± 59.3 | 160.7 ± 7.3 | 185.6 ± 31.4 |
| Accumbens shell | 16.0 ± 5.1 | 12.5 ± 4.9 | 15.6 ± 4.8 | 6.6 ± 2.6 | 8.0 ± 2.1 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 12.0 ± 4.3 | 34.3 ± 5.1‡‡ | 11.8 ± 1.3 |
| Accumbens core | 8.5 ± 3.7 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 12.2 ± 4.3 | 6.1 ± 3.2 | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 2.3 | 18.7 ± 3.6† | 15.1 ± 1.4† |
| Striatum (dorsolateral) | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 58.7 ± 21.5‡‡ | 40.2 ± 1.1‡‡ |
| Striatum (dorsomedial) | 4.2 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 43.7 ± 18.6‡‡ | 15.4 ± 3.3† |
| Amygdala (basolateral) | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 9.4 ± 1.6‡ | 3.7 ± 1.8§ | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 11.4 ± 1.2†† | 3.9 ± 1.2§§ | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 01.4 | 5.4 ± 0.9 |
| Amygdala (central) | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 2.7 | 17.5 ± 2.2‡‡ | 5.8 ± 1.0 |
| Paraventricular thalamic nucleus | 31.2 ± 15.8 | 31.0 ± 12.1 | 40.7 ± 10.7 | 16.3 ± 6.8 | 20.9 ± 10.1 | 16.5 ± 6.5 | 10.0 ± 6.1 | 87.7 ± 23.1‡‡ | 6.8 ± 1.3 |
| Central thalamic nucleus | 15.7 ± 13.1 | 9.7 ± 3.2 | 15.6 ± 4.4 | 6.5 ± 2.7 | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 4.7 ± 2.9 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 72.3 ± 10.5‡‡ | 6.4 ± 1.2 |
| Ventromedial hypothalamus | 16.1 ± 8.2 | 20.5 ± 9.5 | 14.5 ± 4.9 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 2.9 | 13.5 ± 4.5 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 19.7 ± 5.8‡‡ | 6.5 ± 1.3 |
Shading indicates brain regions showing increased Fos expression after exposure to the cocaine S+.
*
Prelimbic cortex (Cg3) and cingulate cortex (Cg1).
Newman–Keuls post hoc tests after ANOVA:
†
, P < 0.05;
‡‡
, P < 0.01 (different from saline).
‡
, P < 0.05;
††
, P < 0.01 (different from S−).
§
, P < 0.05;
§§
, P < 0.01 (different from S+).