Table 3.

Description of the species of unmeasured anions, source of origin, and diagnostic adjuncts in case of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Cause	High serum anion gap
	Comments
	Species	Origin	Diagnostic adjuncts
Renal failure	Phosphates, sulphates	Protein metabolism	BUN/creatinine
Ketocidosis	Ketoacids	Fatty acid metabolism	Serum/urine ketones
Diabetic	β Hydroxybutyrate
Alcoholic
Starvation	Acetoacetate
Lactic acidosis	Lactate		Lactate levels
Exogenous poisoning	Salicylate	Salicylate	Concomitant
	Lactate	Respiratory and metabolic alkalosis
	ketoacids