Table 3. Multivariable linear regression analysis of factors associated with annual change in BMDa at three sites among HIV+ CHAMPS study participants.
| Variable | Femoral neck | Total hip | Lumbar Spine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter estimatec | 95% CId | Parameter estimate | 95% CI | Parameter estimate | 95% CI | |
| Heroin use | -.0056 | -.0138, .0027 | .0003 | -.0102, .0108 | -.0063 | -.0163, .0037 |
| AIDS diagnosis | -.0048 | -.0109, .0011 | -.0007 | -.0085, .0072 | .0051 | -.0023, .0125 |
| AIDS and heroin useb | -.0062 | -.0187, .0063 | -.0122 | -.0279, .0035 | -.0016 | -.0169, .0138 |
| Baseline BMD | -.0045 | -.0220, .0129 | -.0469 | -.0681, -.0257 | -.0041 | -.0242, .0160 |
| Age at 1st exam | -.0003 | .0009, .0004 | -.0002 | -.0010, .0006 | -.0002 | -.0010, .0006 |
| Black | -.0116 | -.0120, -.0033 | .0063 | -.0044, .0170 | .0068 | -.0033, .0169 |
| Hispanic | -.0065 | -.0156, .0026 | .0114 | -.0003, .0231 | .0063 | -.0047, .0174 |
| Other | -.0183 | -.0324, -.0042 | .0022 | -.0162, .0205 | .0178 | .0005, .0351 |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | .0002 | -.0005, .0008 | .0004 | -.0004, .0012 | .0008 | -0000, .0016 |
| Ever use of corticosteroids | .0097 | -.0021, .0216 | -.0003 | -.0158, .0152 | -.0053 | -.0199, .0093 |
| Family history of spine fracture | .0242 | -.0025, .0510 | .0089 | -.0258, .0436 | .0107 | -.0220, .0435 |
| Family history of hip fracture | .0053 | -.0046, .0151 | -.0068 | -.0194, .0058 | ||
| Current methadone use | -.0078 | -.0172, .0017 | ||||
| CD4+ cell count (c/mL) | ||||||
| 0-200 | -.0056 | -.0132, .0021 | -.0086 | -.0183, .0010 | ||
| 201-500 | .0027 | -.0132, .0085 | .0025 | -.0046, .0096 | ||
| >500 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Length of HIV diagnosis | ||||||
| <1 year | -.0036 | -.0307, .0234 | ||||
| 1-2 years | .0201 | .0005, .0397 | ||||
| 3-4 years | .0081 | -.0084, .0246 | ||||
| 5-9 years | .0049 | -.0019, .0116 | ||||
| 10+ years | Reference | |||||
| Ever use of protease inhibitors | -.0071 | -.0160, .0017 | ||||
| No NRTI use | -.0098 | -.0220, .0024 | ||||
| Previous NRTI use | -.0071 | -.0161, .0020 | ||||
| Current NRTI use | Reference | |||||
a
Abbreviations: BMD: Bone mineral density; NRTI: nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor
b
For these interactions, the reference groups are the categories in which heroin was not used plus that of heroin use and HIV-seropositive without AIDS.
c
Parameter estimates reflect the difference in annual rate of change in BMD, such that estimates less than zero indicate loss of BMD. Units for parameter estimates are gm/cm2 per year
d
95% Confidence Interval for parameter estimate
Parameter estimates with blank cells indicate variable did not enter that model.